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 OLMtTTZ the next four years in managing the construc- tion of the park upon this design. In 1859 he again visited Europe and examined various public works. On the breaking out of the civil war he was appointed by President Lin- coln a member of the commission of inquiry and advice in regard to the sanitary condition of the United States forces, and during the next three years resided in Washington as the business manager of that organization. Sub- sequently he spent two years in California, and while there was a commissioner of the national park of the Yosemite. Keturning to New York, he was engaged in 1866 with Mr. Vaux to lay out and superintend the Brooklyn park, and has since been employed in designing parks and public works in New York, Washington, Chicago, Buffalo, Montreal, and other places. OLMUTZ (Slav. Holomauc}, a town of Austria, formerly the capital of Moravia, now one of the principal fortresses of the empire, situated tm an island of the March or Morawa, 103 m. N. N. E. of Vienna; pop. in 1870, excluding the garrison, 15,231. It is well built, and con- tains several suburbs, fine squares and prom- enades, and numerous institutions of learn- ing or benevolence. There are woollen manu- factures, and the trade in cattle is promoted by annual fairs. The railway which connects the great Vienna and Breslau and Vienna and Prague lines passes by the town, and another line connects it with Briinn. The cathedral, the churches of St. Maurice and St. Michael, the archbishop's residence, the town house with a famous clock, and a theatre, are noteworthy. The university of Olmutz was founded in 1581, removed to Briinn in 1778, restored in 1827, and abolished in 1853. Olmutz is traced to the times of the Roman empire. It withstood an assault of the Mongols in 1241, and a siege of B61a IV. of Hungary in 1253 ; joined the revolt against Ferdinand II. at the beginning of the thirty years' war ; was taken by the Swedes under Torstenson in 1642, and retaken by the imperialists ; was taken by the Prussians in the first war of the Austrian succession, but be- sieged by them in vain during the seven years' war. Among the prisoners of state who have been confined in the dungeon of Olmutz was Gen. Lafayette. Since the war with Prussia in 1866 the fortifications of the city have been greatly strengthened, and a new park has been laid out. OLONETZ, a N. W. government of Russia, bordering on the governments of Archangel, Vologda, Novgorod, and St. Petersburg, and on Lake Ladoga and Finland ; area (exclusive of lakes), 50,495 sq. in. ; pop. in 1867, 302,490, mostly Russians, Finns, and Lapps. The sur- face is in great part covered by forests, marshes, and lakes. Of the latter, besides Lake Ladoga on the border, the largest are Lakes Onega and Vyg. The principal rivers are the Onega, which flows through Archangel into Onega bay, an inlet of the White sea ; the Svir, which connects Lakes Onega and Ladoga ; and OLYMPIA 621 the Vodla, which flows from Lake Vodlo into Lake Onega. The winters are very long, and the short summers excessively hot. Agricul- ture is much neglected; hemp and flax are among the principal articles raised. Fishing and hunting are leading occupations of the inhabitants. Pasturage is scarce, and grazing neglected. Some copper, and iron sufficient to supply ten blast furnaces, are mined, and large quantities of porphyry and marble are quarried. The principal towns are Petroza- vodsk, the capital, on the W. shore of Lake Onega, with about 11,000 inhabitants; Olonetz, the former capital, a small town near the E. shore of Lake Ladoga ; Vytegra, on a river of the same name ; and Kargopol, on the Onega. OLSHAUSEV, Hermann, a German theologian, born at Oldeslohe, Holstein, Aug. 21, 1796, died in Erlangen, Sept. 4, 1839. He studied theology at Kiel and Berlin, and in 1818 be- came private tutor in the latter place, in 1821 extraordinary professor in Konigsberg, and in 1827 ordinary professor of theology. He was ordinary professor at Erlangen from 1834 till his death. He devoted his attention chiefly to the exegesis of the New Testament. His Bi- blischer Commentar uber sammtlicJie ScTiriften des Neuen Testaments (vols. i.-iv., 1830-'40; vols. v.-viii., by Ebrard and Wiesinger, 1850- '53), the most celebrated of his works, was translated into English for Clark's " Foreign and Theological Library;" and an American reprint, revised after the fourth German edi- tion by Prof. A. 0. Kendrick of Rochester uni- versity, was published in 1856-'8 ("Biblical Commentary on the New Testament," 6 vols. 8vo, New York). OLYMPIA, a city, capital of Washington terri- tory, and of Thurston co., situated at the head of Budd's inlet, the southern projection of Pu- get sound, 645 m. N. of San Francisco, 105 -m. N. by W. of Portland, Oregon, and 95 m. S. S. E. of Victoria, Vancouver island, in lat. 47 3' N., Ion. 122 57' W. ; pop. in 1870, 1,203 ; in 1875, about 1,500. It is connected with Tumwater on the west by a bridge 520 ft. long across the mouth of the Des Chutes river, and a bridge 2,030 ft. long extends to the W. shore of the inlet. At Tumwater the Des Chutes by a succession of falls descends 85 ft. within a dis- tance of 300 yards, affording abundant water power. Olympia is 15 m. N. of Tenino on the Pacific division of the Northern Pacific rail- road, which affords communication with the valley of the Columbia river. The back coun- try is heavily wooded, and the scenery, with the sound in front, the Cascade mountains on -the right, and the Coast mountains on the left, is grand. The streets are broad and regular, and shaded with rows of maples and elms. The residences are handsome and surrounded with gardens. The public buildings are the capitol, a two-story wooden structure, a fine city hall, and a court house and jail. Large vessels can reach the wharf at high tide, but at low water a mud flat extending m. into the