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 602 OHIO college, with 26,000 volumes. St. Xavier col- lege, Mount St. Mary's of the West, Ohio Wes- leyan university, Denison university, Western Reserve college, and Oberlin college have also large libraries. The Cincinnati law library contains about 10,000 volumes. The whole number of newspapers and periodicals in 1870 was 395, having an aggregate circulation of 1,388,367, and issuing annually 98,548,814 copies. There were 26 daily, with a circula- tion of 139,705 ; 8 tri-weekly, 13,560; 3 semi- weekly, 7,200; 299 weekly, 923,502; 8 semi- monthly, 65,050; 47 monthly, 228,750; 2 bi- monthly, 2,700; and 2 quarterly, 7,900. In 1874 the total number reported was 505, viz. : 29 daily, 10 tri-weekly, 5 semi-weekly, 386 weekly, 1 bi-weekly, 12 semi-monthly, 61 monthly, and 11 quarterly. The total number of religious organizations in 1870 was 6,488, having 6,284 edifices with 2,085,586 sittings, and property valued at $25,554,725. The de- nominations were represented as follows : DENOMINATIONS. Organi- zations. Edifices. Sittings. Property. Baptist, regular " other 555 158 681 198 114 157 91 7 477 2,161 8 628 164 2

288 295 1 4 78 2 88 545 157 610 195 112 140 91 7 476 2,115 6 625 165 2 266 295 1 4 78 2 83 164,020 88,850 167,625 87,150 51,150 83,500 26,050 4000 181,050 714,146 1,200 1,350 233,945 60,000 700 88,900 160,700 800 2,100 20,750 200 8,600 $2,538,000 225,500 1,366,990 1,335,585 1,343,280 838,500 218,770 360,584 1,392,975 6,540,910 14,000 55,000 3,580,756 564,970 9,500 887,700 8,959,970 1,000 16,000 175,950 600 84,775 Christian Episcopal, Protestant. . . Evangelical Association.. Friends Jewish Lutheran Methodist Moravian New Jerusalem (Swe- ) denborgian) f Presbyterian, regular other Reformed church in ) America (late Dutch V Reformed). . ) Reformed church in the / United States (late V German Reformed). . ) Roman Catholic Second Advent Shaker Universalist Unknown, local missions " union The first explorations in the territory which now constitutes the state of Ohio were made by the French, the discoveries of La Salle in this region dating from about 1680. The ob- ject of the French adventurers, however, seems to have been trade rather than settlement. They were soon involved in disputes with the English, who, having obtained from their sov- ereign a grant covering part of the territory claimed by the French, sent out surveyors, and established trading posts in the Ohio valley. It was in the war which broke out in conse- quence of these conflicting claims that Wash- ington first became known; but neither his abilities nor the operations of a powerful force sent out under Gen. Braddock could overcome the French, who kept possession of the coun- try until Canada and the whole country W. to the Mississippi were surrendered by the treaty of 1763. After the war of the revolution dis- putes arose between several of the states re- specting the right of soil in this territory, which were only allayed by the cession of the whole to the United States, Virginia reserving 3,709,848 acres near the rapids of the Ohio for her state troops, and Connecticut a tract of 3,666,921 acres near Lake Erie (the West- ern Keserve). In 1800 jurisdiction over these two tracts was relinquished to the federal gov- ernment, the states retaining the right to the soil, and disposing of it in small lots to settlers, while the Indian titles to the rest of the state were bought up by the general gov- ernment. In 1787 congress undertook the government, and in 1788 the first permanent settlement was made at Marietta. The first years of the Northwest territory, as it was called, were harassed by Indian warfare, which was not terminated until after the signal vic- tory of Gen. Wayne in 1794. In 1799 the Northwest territory was organized, and short- ly afterward Ohio was formed into a separate government. It was admitted into the Union as a state in 1803. From 1800 to 1810 the seat of government was in Chill icothe, from 1810 to 1812 in Zanesville, and from 1812 to 1816 in Chillicothe. Columbus became the capital in 1816. A convention to revise the constitution assembled in Columbus May 6, 1850, and finally adjourned March 10, 1851, a portion of the session having been held in Cincinnati. The amended constitution was ratified by the people June 17, 1851. Another convention to revise the constitution convened in Columbus May 14, 1873, and, having ad- journed to Cincinnati, framed a new constitu- tion, which was rejected by the people at the election of 1874. The whole number of troops furnished by Ohio to the Union army during the civil war was 317,133, or 239,976 reduced to a three years' standard. The first geologi- cal survey of Ohio was made in 1837-'8, under the supervision of Prof. W. W. Mather, chief geologist. A more complete survey was begun in 1869 and completed in 1874, by Prof. J. S. Newberry as chief and E. B. Andrews, Edward Orton, and John H. Klippart as assistant geolo- gists. Besides the reports of progress for 1869, 1870, and 1871, two volumes of the final re- port, each in two parts (geology and palaeon- tology), have been published. The publications yet to be made comprise a volume on geology, one on economic geology, and one on zoology and botany, besides a geological map. OHIO. I. A K W. county of West Virginia, bounded E. by Pennsylvania and W. by the Ohio river, and drained by Wheeling and other small creeks ; area, 140 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 28,831, of whom 444 were colored. Its surface is hilly and the soil fertile, especially along the Ohio. Most of the land is well adapted to pas- turage. Mines of bituminous coal among the hills are extensively worked. It is intersected by the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 42,276 bushels of wheat, 225,465 of Indian corn, 97,372 of oats,