Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/396

 382 NEW YORK (CITY) Of the natives, 484,109 were born in New York, 8,061 in New Jersey, 5,995 in Massa- chusetts, 5,140 in Connecticut, 5,099 in Penn- sylvania, 2,073 in Virginia and West Virginia, 2,028 in Maryland, 1,235 in Ohio, and 1,224 in Maine ; and there were living in the city per- sons born in every other state and in several of the territories. The foreigners embrace 234,594 natives of the British isles (including 201,999 Irish, 24,442 English, 7,562 Scotch, and 584 Welsh), 151,216 of Germany, 8,265 of France, 4,419 of British America, 2,794 of Italy, 2,737 of Austria (exclusive of Hungary and Bohemia), 2,612 of Scandinavia (inclu- ding 1,558 Swedes, 682 Danes, and 372 Norwe- gians), 2,393 of Poland, 2,178 of Switzerland, 1,487 of Bohemia, 1,294 of Cuba, 1,237 of Hol- land, 1,151 of Russia, 521 of Hungary, 489 of the West Indies (exclusive of Cuba), 453 of Spain, 325 of Belgium, 211 of South America, and 717 of about 20 other countries. There were 457,117 male and 485,175 female inhab- itants; 250,353 (122,626 males and 127,727 females) between the ages of 5 and 18 ; 213,937 males between 18 and 45 ; 249,990 males 21 years old and upward, of whom 188,276 were citizens of the United States and 61,714 unnat- uralized foreigners. Of those attending school, 141,677 were native and 13,926 foreign born, 77,867 males and 77,736 females. There were 62,238 persons 10 years old and upward una- ble to write, of whom 8,447 were native and 53,791 foreign born, 18,905 males, and 43,333 females; 3,894 between 10 and 15 years of age, 4,423 between 15 and 21, and 53,921 (15,- 711 males and 38,210 females) 21 and upward. Of the 350,556 persons 10 years old and up- ward returned as engaged in all occupations, 264,385 were males and 86,171 females, and 8,456 were between 10 and 15 years of age. There were employed in agriculture, 1,401 ; in professional and personal services, 115,259, in- cluding 2,549 barbers and hairdressers, 1,535 boarding and lodging house keepers, 715 clergy- men, 49,440 domestic servants, 4,832 hotel and restaurant keepers and employees, 316 jour- nalists, 28,451 laborers, 5,604 launderers and laundresses, 1,283 lawyers, 1,278 livery stable keepers and hostlers, 4,222 government officials and employees, 1,741 physicians and surgeons, and_ 3,511 teachers ; in trade and transporta- tion, 88,611, including 23,872 traders and deal- ers, 4,744 hucksters, peddlers, and commercial travellers, 27,590 clerks, salesmen, and accoun- tants, 2,625 engaged in banking and brokerage of money and stocks, 730 in insurance, 924 officials and employees of express companies, 2,003 of railroad companies, 917 of street rail- road companies, 298 of telegraph companies, 9,813 carmen, draymen, teamsters, &c., and 4,463 sailors, steamboatmen, &c. ; in manufac- tures, 145,285 including 3,855 bakers, 3,533 blacksmiths, 2,276 bookbinders and finishers, 6,960 boot and shoe makers, 6,586 masons and stone cutters, 4,870 butchers, 5,071 cabinet makers and upholsterers, 10,427 carpenters and NEW YOB K. LONDON Wards. Number of inhabitants to the acre. Districts. Number of inhabitants to the acre. Tenth. 87T Strand SOT Eleventh 828 East London 266 Thirteenth Seventeenth. 812 288 St. Luke's Holborn 259 229 joiners, 5,550 cigar makers, &c., 1,101 confec- tioners, 1,606 coopers, 1,477 cotton and wool- len mill operatives, 1,744 hat and cap makers, 2,296 iron and steel workers, 3,787 machinists, 9,747 milliners, dress and mantua makers, 5,824 painters and varnishers, 1,432 plasterers, 2,584 plumbers and gas fitters, 5,134 printers, 1,353 ship riggers, carpenters, &c., 18,564 tailors, tailoresses, and seamstresses, and 1,562 tinners. New York averages more than twice as many persons as Philadelphia to a dwelling, and 4*76 more than Fall River, Mass., which comes next to it in this respect among the cities of the Union. The peculiar shape of Manhattan isl- and and the difficulty of transit between its extremities have tended to crowd the popula- tion into tenement houses in the lower por- tion, some parts of which rival the most crowded quarters of any other civilized city. The four most thickly inhabited districts of New York and London compare as follows : There are about 24,000 tenement houses (con- taining three or more families living indepen- dently). The average transient population has been estimated at 30,000. Since the census the annexation of Morrisania (pop. in 1870, 19,609), West Farms (9,372), and Kingsbridge (about 2,500) has added 31,481 inhabitants, making the population in 1870 within the present limits of the city 973,773. If we ap- ply the ratio of increase that prevailed between 1860 and 1870, the present population (1875) will be about 1,050,000. These figures, con- fined to the corporate limits of the city, do not give an adequate idea of New York as a busi- ness centre. Thousands of people doing busi- ness here reside beyond the city limits, coming and going every morning and evening, while Brooklyn, Jersey City, and other neighboring communities are directly dependent upon and practically parts of New York. The country within a radius of 20 m. from the city hall (embracing the S. portion of Westchester co., Kings and the greater part of Queens co., on Long island, Staten island, and Union, Hudson, Essex, and a portion of Passaic and Bergen cos., N. J.) would add, according to the census of 1870, about 925,000 inhabitants (375,000 from New Jersey and 550,000 from New York), and would raise the present population of the metropolis to more than 2,000,000, of whom 1,800,000 reside within 10m. of the city hall. The circle thus described would include some not properly in the category, but would exclude probably an equal number that should be included. The hotels of New York are