Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/395

 NEW YOEK (CITY) 381 ingside park, embracing an irregular area of 47 acres E. of 10th avenue, between 110th and 123d streets ; High Bridge park (23 acres), at the approach to High bridge ; and Eiverside park (177*86 acres), along the bank of the Hud- son between 72d and 129th streets, are not yet laid out. Fleetwood park in the 23d ward, and Jerome park in the 24th, are favorite race courses. The Bowling Green, City Hall park, Washington square, Union square, Stuy- vesant park, Gramercy park, Madison square, and some others contain fountains. The public parks are under the control of four commissioners, of whom all except the presi- dent serve without pay. The only cemetery now in use on Manhattan island is that of Trinity church, between 153d and 155th streets and 10th avenue and Hudson river. It com- prises 25 acres tastefully laid out and well kept, and contains many fine tombs and monuments. Woodlawn cemetery is in the 24th ward, on the bank of the Bronx river near the N. boun- dary of the city. It is situated on a wooded ridge, comprises more than 300 acres, and was laid out in 1865. The grounds have been finely improved. The principal other cemeteries in use are the New York Bay cemetery, on the W. shore of the bay, 2 m. below Jersey City, and Greenwood, Cypress Hills, Evergreens, and Calvary, on Long island. (See BROOKLYN, vol. iii., p. 319.) Trinity churchyard contains a monument to the patriots who died in prison during the revolution, and St. Paul's one in memory of Thomas Addis Emmet. The ceme- tery in 2d street between 1st and 2d avenues also contains a number of monuments. The cli- mate of New York, tempered by its proximity to the ocean, is generally mild, though change- able ; there is considerable hot weather in sum- mer, and the cold in winter is occasionally severe. The meteorological observatory in Central park, organized in 1869, is provided with self-record- ing instruments invented by Daniel Draper, the director, which register continuously the movements of the thermometer and barometer, the direction, force, and velocity of the wind, and the rainfall. The average monthly tem- perature and fall of rain and snow for the six years ending with 1874 have been as follows : MONTHS. Mean temperature. Rainfall, Inches. Snowfall, inches. January 32-06 2'91 8*50 February. . 81 '09 1*76 11 *Qfi March.. . 36*06 o.oo 9'fifi April 48-18 4*10 '75 May 59-67 8'12 June 70-33 8-54

July 74-75 5*00 August September. . . . 73-07 67*15 4-90 8-67 .. October. 54-55 A.AR November 41-00 g.Q2 96 December 32-51 l-7fi 9-72 Year 51-58 41*56 84-55 The maximum temperature during the period was 98 above zero, and the minimum 2 be- low zero. The average number of rainy days per year was 112; of snowy days, 19. The average duration of rain storms per year was 29d. 6h. 32m. ; of snow storms, 5d. 23h. 20m. The growth of the city has been extremely rapid, the population according to different colonial, state, and federal censuses having been as follows : YEARS. Population. YEARS. Population. YEARS. Population. 1656... 1604.. 1C98.. 1731 . . 1756. . 1771 . . 1786.. 1790.. 1,000 1,500 4.937 8.622 13,046 21,862 23,614 83,181 1800. . 1805. . 1810. . 1816. . 1820. . 1825. . 1830. . 1885. . 60,489 75,770 96.373 S3.e34 123,706 166,086 202,589 268,089 1840... 1845. . . 1850... 1855... I860... 1805... 1870... 812,710 871,228 515,547 629,810 805,658 726,386 942,292 The figures for 1870 include 13,072 colored per- sons, 12 Chinese, and 9 Indians. The follow- ing facts are taken from the census of 1870 : WARDS. Total population. Native born. Foreign born. Number attending school during the year. Persons 10 years old and upward unable to read. Number of families. Persons to a family. Number dwellings. Persons to a dwelling. 1st... 14.468 1.312 3,715 23,748 17,150 21,153 44,818 84,913 47,609 41,431 64,230 47,497 38,364 26.436 27,587 48,359 95.365 59,593 86,090 75,407 56,703 71,349 6,441 651 1,752 10,456 9.245 9,444 24,130 20,285 83,020 18,851 84,805 80,888 19,288 13.379 16,821 29,510 46,083 82.318 48,125 42,660 83,402 46,694 8,022 661 1,963 13,292 7,905 11,709 20,688 14,628 14,589 22,580 29,425 16,609 14,076 13,057 10,766 18,849 49.332 27.275 37,965 32,747 23,301 29,655 2,833 123 521 4.216 2,527 4,099 7,820 5,204 7,451 6,364 13,129 11.578 5,579 4,964 8,104 6,911 16,664 7,186 12,650 12,468 7,879 12,333 1,748 85 75 1,906 1.144 4,229 2,999 1,473 1,175 848 1,713 2.093 1,244 8,601 1.293 1,456 2,105 2.158 2,140 4,092 2,454 8,075 2,876 136 609 4,991 3,571 4,487 8,974 7,401 9,366 9,291 14.478 7,936 7,061 5,740 4,686 8,955 21,320 11,156 13,873 15,846 9,482 13,604 5-03 9-65 6-10 4-76 4-80 4-71 4'99 4-72 6-08 4-46 4-44 6-99 4*73 4*61 5-88 5*40 4*47 5-84 6-21 4-76 6*01 5-24 687 733 428 965 1,289 983 2,883 2,560 8,917 1,892 8,086 P,796 1,677 1,471 2.866 8,808 8.966 8,919 6,695 5,048 4,252 6,123 21*05 1-79 8-68 24*61 13-30 21*52 18*81 18-64 12-15 21-90 20-81 8-19 19-90 17-97 11-66 12-70 24-05 15-21 12-86 14-94 13-84 11-65 2d 8d..,, 4th .. 5th 6th , 7th 8th .. 9th .. 10th. Hth .. 12th ... , 18th 14th 15th. . 16th 17th. . . 18th. 19th 20th... 21st.... 22d City . 942,292 523,198 419,094 155,603 48,056 185,789 5-07 64,044 14*72