Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/372

 360 NEW YORK (STATE) The works in operation have an annual pro- ductive capacity of 10,700,000 bushels; 7,450,- 257 bushels were inspected in 1873, and 6,594,- 191 in 1874. (See SALT.) For commercial purposes the state is divided into the following ten United States customs districts, of which the ports of entry bear the same name unless otherwise specified : Buffalo Creek, Cape Vin- cent, Cham plain (port of entry Plattsburgh), Dunkirk, Genesee (Rochester), New York, Ni- agara (Suspension Bridge), Oswegatchie (Og- densburg), Oswego, and Sag Harbor. In the district of New York, Albany, Esopus, Hudson, Kinderhook, Newburgh, New "Windsor, Port Jefferson, Poughkeepsie, Rhinebeck Landing, and Troy are ports of delivery. The imports and exports for the year ending June 30, 1874, were as follows : DISTRICTS. Imports. Domestic exports. Foreign exports. Buffalo Creek Cape Vincent . $2,916,406 524,480 $460,473 113110 $53,949 Champlain ... 2 176 784 1 041 154 34957 Dunkirk 8623 Genesee 429 472 367 527 38 New York 395 133 622 840 360 269 14,633463 Niagara 4 579 846 351 078 65731 Oswegatchie Oswego 1,977,751 7,200,952 605,233 1,724,651 136,264 187 Sag Harbor. . . . The movement of foreign shipping in the vari- ous districts, and the number of vessels regis- tered, enrolled, and licensed, were as follows: 1 sals. Tons. Ves- tels. Tons. Ves- sels. Tom. Buffalo Cr'k 780 241,456 704 224,130 805 168,829-08 Cape VincH. 75* 106,217 736 102,886 34 3,996-28 Champlain . Dunkirk . . . 1,707 18 136,870 1,258 1,798 15 145,612 957 849 3 53,268-09 896-55 Genesee. . . New York. Niagara 614 6,723 219 67,945 5,049,618 45,220 580| 91,577 6,103 4,837,218 2151 44,827 240 6,630 39 30,429-51 1,818,523-34 6,527-01 Osweg'tchie 434 88,330 434 88,856 85 3,635-65 Oswego Sag Harbor. 2,613 433,855 2,463 373,015 952 231 112,159-38 13,236-22 The entrances and clearances in the coastwise trade, and the vessels built in the various dis-. tricts, were as follows : DISTRICTS. COASTWISE TKADE. Vessels built. ENTERED. CLEARED. Vessel*. Tons. Vessels. Tom. No. 58 4 47 41 396 14 8 57 T Tons. Buffalo Creek... Cape Vincent. . . Champlain Dunkirk 4,011 180 2 71 197 2,742 188 620 744 24 2,068,486 23,263 140 13,306 20,984 1,774,181 42,750 176,957 132,049 5,834 4,155 207 993 76 202 4,081 189 620 1,279 25 2,082,163 28,070 68,089 18,581 22,504 2,175,412 42,991 177,897 228,168 5,452 6,374 1,129 4,704 49ST 64,001 1,900 876 8,217 385 Genesee New York. . . Niagara Oswegatchie. . Oswgo Sag Harbor. . . Details of the commerce of the port of New York are given in the article on that city. The only district in which vessels were reported to be engaged in the fisheries was that of Sag Harbor, where in 1873 128 were employed in the cod and mackerel fisheries and 1 in the whale fishery ; 7 vessels entered and 9 cleared in the general fisheries. Within the past few years the state commissioners of fisheries have taken measures to stock the internal waters of the state with varieties of edible fish. A state hatching house is maintained at Caledonia, Livingston co., and there is an extensive shad nursery in the Hudson, about 10 m. below Albany. The first railroad in New York, the Mohawk and Hudson (from Albany to Sche- nectady), 17 m. long, was opened in 1831. In the following year the Saratoga and Schenec- tady, 21 m., and one mile of the New York and Harlem, were opened. The mileage of the state had increased to 719 m. in 1845, 2,444 in 1855, 2,769 in 1865, 3,829 in 1870, 4,927 in 1873, and 5,178 in 1874. There are strin- gent laws concerning the formation and con- tinuance of railroad corporations, and strict regulations as' to the protection of passengers. Each corporation is required to make an annu- al report under oath to the state engineer and surveyor, giving details as to the condition and transactions of the company ; and this officer reports annually to the legislature. The chief items relating to all the corporations in the state in 1874 are shown in the following state- ment, in which the figures, except the mileage specified for New York, are not limited to the state, but apply to the entire corporations : Miles of entire main line and branches 8,552 " of double track and sidings 3,956 Total track mileage 12,508 Miles main line and branches exclusive of second tracks and sidings completed in New York. 5,178 Capital stock authorized $611,298,870 " " paid in $202,865,070 Funded debt $291,681,017 Floating " $30,801,657 Total stock and debt $724,847,745 Cost of construction and equipment $598,543,980 Total annual expenses $66,087,974 Total annual earnings $97,951,073 Net annual earnings $81,868,099 The two most extensive railroad corporations of the state are the Erie and the New York Central and Hudson River. The former, char- tered in 1832, was opened from Piermont to Goshen in 1841, to Binghamton in 1848, to Elmira in 1849, to Corning in 1850, and to Dunkirk in 1861. The eastern terminus was subsequently extended to Jersey City. More than 1,000 m. of railroad are operated by this company, whose earnings in 1873 exceeded $20,000,000. The New York Central and Hud- son River railroad is a consolidation of numer- ous lines. It was completed from Albany to Buffalo in 1841, and from New York to Al- bany in 1851. About 860 m. of road are owned and leased by the company ; the total earnings in 1873 were about $29,000,000. The following table exhibits the names of the lines lying wholly or partly within the state, togeth- er with the termini, the number of miles in operation within the state Jan. 1, 1875, and the paid-in capital stock and cost of construc- tion and equipment for the entire lines :