Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/290

 278 NEW BRUNSWICK preme court, and other officials. New Bruns- wick is represented by 12 senators and 16 members of the house of commons in the Do- minion parliament. The balance in the trea- sury on Oct. 31, 1873, was $151,400 38 ; re- ceipts for the year 1873-'4, $591,464 59, in- cluding $516,155 from the Dominion govern- ment ; expenditures, $589,793 61, including $12,749 for agriculture, $60,607 for executive, legislative, and judicial departments, $22,000 for immigration, $25,000 for lunatic asylum, $7,208 for public health, $10,587 for public printing, $201,264 for roads, $8,844 for uni- versity, $20,000 for bridges, and $19,000 for steam navigation; balance in treasury Oct. 31, 1874, $153,071 36. The penitentiary at St. John on Dec. 31, 1873, contained 30 convicts. The provincial lunatic asylum at St. John was opened in 1848 ; the number of inmates on Oct. 31, 1873, was 243 (128 males and 115 females). The capacity of the asylum is not equal to the demand for admission. Accord- ing to the census of 1871, there were 9 hos- pitals, with 84 inmates ; 2 orphan asylums, with 77 inmates ; 9 other asylums (exclusive of the lunatic asylum), with 305 inmates; and 14 jails, with 149 inmates. A system of free pub- lic schools was established by an act of 1871. These schools are under the general supervision of a chief superintendent of education for the province, with a county inspector for each county and boards of trustees for the several districts, and are supported by a provincial grant and a county tax equal to 30 cents per head, supplemented by a local tax, which in- cludes a poll tax of $1 per head. The ex- penditures from the provincial treasury for school purposes during the year ending April 30, 1874, were $122,067 69. The number of schools in operation during the summer term ending Oct. 31, 1874, was 1,049, with 1,077 teachers and 45,539 pupils; number in at- tendance some portion of the year ending on that date, 60,467 ; number of school dis- tricts, 1,392 ; number of school houses, 1,050. There is a provincial training and model school at Fredericton. The university of New Brunswick at Fredericton was established by provincial charter as the college of New Brunswick in 1800, incorporated by royal charter under the name of King's college in 1828, and reorganized under its present title in 1860. It embraces a classical course of three years, and special courses in civil engineering and surveying, agriculture, and commerce and navigation. There is an annual scholarship of $60 for one student from each county, who also receives tuition free, and there are 56 free scholarships, distributed among the coun- ties and cities, exempting from the payment of tuition fees alone. In 1872-'3 the number of professors was 7 ; students, 51. There is a col- legiate school connected with the university. Mount Allison Wesleyan college at Sackville, under the control of the Methodists, was or- ganized in 1862, and is open to both sexes. It has classical, scientific, and special courses, and provision is made for theological instruction. A male academy and commercial college, in operation more than 30 years, and a female academy, organized in 1854, are connected with it. In 1873-'4 these institutions had 15 pro- fessors and instructors (5 in the college), 213 students (34 in the college), and a library of 4,000 volumes. St. Joseph's college (Roman Catholic) at Memramcook has a commercial course of four years and a classical course of five years, both taught through the medium of the French and English languages. In 1874-'5 it had 18 professors and instructors, 140 stu- dents, and a library of 1,000 volumes. The number of newspapers and periodicals pub- lished in the province in 1874 was 33, viz. : 4 daily, 3 tri-weekly, 21 weekly (1 French), 4 monthly, and 1 quarterly. The number of the inhabitants in 1871 belonging to the various religious denominations and the number of churches and buildings attached thereto are shown in the following table : DENOMINATIONS. Number of adherents Churches. Buildings. Baptists 70,597 226 238 Episcopalians 45,481 115 150 Methodists 29,856 113 136 Presbyterians Roman Catholics. . 38,852 96,016 80 103 87 161 Other denominations 4,T92 19 23 Total. . . . 285,594 656 795 Of the Baptists 27,866 were Freewill Bap- tists, and of the Methodists 26,212 were Wes- leyans. The principal denominations not named in the table were Adventists (71 1), Christian Conference (1,418), Congregationalists (1,193), and Universalists (590). New Brunswick and Nova Scotia originally formed one French colony, called Acadia or New France. The first settlement within the present limits of New Brunswick was made by the French on the bay of Chaleurs in 1639. Other settle- ments were made in 1672 on the Miramichi river and elsewhere on the E. coast. In 1713 Acadia was ceded to the English by the treaty of Utrecht. The first British settler established himself on the Miramichi in 1764, and in 1784 New Brunswick was separated from Nova Scotia, and erected into a distinct colony. The first legislative assembly met at St. John in January, 1786. At the close of the American revolution about 5,000 loyalists from the United States settled here, and their descendants now form a considerable portion of the population. In October, 1825, the standing timber in the region around Miramichi bay took fire, envel- oping an area of 6,000 sq. m. in flames. Two towns and about 500 persons were destroyed. In 1848 responsible government was introduced. In 1867 New Brunswick became one of the original provinces of the Dominion of Canada. NEW BRUNSWICK, a city and the capital of Middlesex co., New Jersey, situated at the head