Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XII.djvu/289

 NEW BRUNSWICK 277 tensive marshes that have been reclaimed from the sea, and the greater portion of every large farm is devoted to its production. The forests of pine, spruce, cedar, &c., which cover a large portion of the province, yield large quantities of timber for export and ship building; and lumbering is one of the chief industries of the people. Among wild animals are bears, moose and other deer, foxes, wild cats, raccoons, bea- vers, otters, and porcupines. The rivers and lakes abound in salmon, trout, chub, eels, and perch; and cod, mackerel, and herring are abundant on the coast, particularly in the bay of Ohaleurs and the bay of Fundy. Lobsters abound, and there are prolific oyster beds on the E. coast. The principal articles of manufac- ture are lumber, leather, woollen goods, wood- en ware, paper, iron castings, mill machinery, locomotives, steam engines, &c. Ship build- ing is extensively carried on. (For industrial statistics, see APPENDIX to this volume.) The fisheries and foreign commerce are important interests. The number of men employed in the fisheries for the year ending June 30, 1874, was 6,556; number of vessels, 131, of 2,518 tons; of boats, 3,351; value of vessels and boats, $235,211 ; of nets and weirs, $240,461. The value of the catch was $2,685,793 91, of which salmon, herring, cod, and lobsters con- stituted the largest part ; the other kinds were alewives, hake, pollack, oysters, smelts, mack- erel, eels, bass, shad, and haddock. The value of goods entered for consumption from foreign countries for the same period was $10,223,871, including $5,876,058 from Great Britain, $3,- 894,484 from the United States, $320,516 from the West Indies, and $94,879 from France. The total value of exports was $6,503,934 (in- cluding $4,201,438 to Great Britain, $1,247,- 364 to the United States, $525,548 to the West Indies, $77,375 to South America, $26,716 to France, $15,880 to the Canary islands, $14,239 to Holland, and $11,023 to Newfoundland), of which $361,977 represented foreign, and $6,- 141,957 Canadian produce, viz. : products of the mine, $223,340; of the fisheries, $392,772; of the forest, $4,711,812; animals and their produce, $208,902 ; agricultural products, $110,- 856 ; manufactures, $477,898 ; miscellaneous articles, $15,377. The imports consist chiefly of cottons, woollens, fancy goods, hardware, iron, flour, tea, sugar, molasses, and spirits. The number of entrances was 2,784, with an aggregate tonnage of 775,638, of which 1,275, of 390,290 tons, were in ballast; clearances, 2,662, with an aggregate tonnage of 799,265, of which 25, of 12,351 tons, were in ballast; built during the year, 96 vessels, with an aggre- gate tonnage of 46,663. The number of vessels of all kinds belonging in the province at the close of 1873 was 1,147, with an aggregate ton- nage of 277,850. The statistics of the railroads in operation in the province for 1874 are con- tained in the following table : LINES. TERMINI. Miles in operation in the province. St John to Bangor Me. (206 m.) 92 Fredericton Fredericton Junction, on European and North American railway, to Fredericton 23 St John to Halifax N. 8. (276m.) .. .. 182 Branch Painsec Junction to Point du Chene. 11 New Brunswick Fredericton to Edmundston (170 m.) ; completed to Florenceville. . 71 Woodstock Junction to Woodstock 9 St Andrews to Woodstock 93 j Watts Junction to St. Stephen 19 . " ( Debec Junction to Houlton, Me. (8m.) 5 Total 455 The Intercolonial line is to be extended from Moncton N. and. then W. to Riviere du Loup, Quebec, a distance of 374 m., of which about 200 m. lie in New Brunswick. The New Brunswick railway is intended to connect at Edmundston with the New Brunswick and Quebec line for Riviere du Loup, 90 m. fur- ther. There are four banks, with an aggregate capital of upward of $1,500,000; eight branch- es of banks of other provinces ; and a savings bank at St. John. The deposits in the gov- ernment savings banks, exclusive of post offiee savings banks, on May 31, 1874, amounted to $1,109,705. The chief executive officer is the lieutenant governor, appointed by the governor general of the Dominion in council for five years, assisted by an executive council of nine members (president of the council, secretary and receiver general, attorney general, chief commissioner of public works, surveyor gen- eral, and four without office), appointed by himself and responsible to the assembly. The legislative authority is exercised by a legisla- tive council of 15 members, appointed by the lieutenant governor in council for life, and a house of assembly of 41 members, elected by districts. Voting is by ballot, and a small property qualification is required for voters, who must also be male British subjects and 21 years of age. The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, consisting of a chief justice and four associate justices, who hold circuit courts in each county, county and probate courts, and justices of the peace. The court of divorce and matrimonial causes is held by a single judge, and there are a vice-admiralty court with a judge and deputy judge, and a court for the trial and punishment of piracy and other offences on the high seas, consisting of the lieutenant governor, judges of the su-