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 NEWBERRY NEWBERRY, John Strong, an American ge- ologist, born at New Windsor, Conn., Dec. 22, 1822. His father in 1824 emigrated to Ohio, where he founded the town of Cuyahoga Falls. He graduated at the Western Reserve college in 1846, and at the Cleveland medical college in 1848. In 1849-'50 he travelled and studied abroad, and upon his return estab- lished himself in 1851 as a physician in Cleve- land, Ohio. In 1855 he was appointed acting assistant surgeon and geologist in the expedi- tion under Lieut. Williamson to explore the country between San Francisco and the Co- lumbia river. The results of this expedition are embodied in vol. vi. of the " Pacific Rail- road Reports." The reports of Dr. Newberry on "The Geology, Botany, and Zoology of North California and Oregon " were published separately in a quarto volume, with 48 illus- trations. In 1857-' 8 he accompanied Lieut. Ives in the exploration and navigation of the Colorado river, and prepared half of the re- port, containing, in the words of the com- manding officer, "the most interesting material gathered by the expedition." In 1859 he was c6nnected with another party sent out by the war department for the exploration of the San Juan and upper Colorado rivers. During the summer the party travelled over a large part of what is now southern Colorado, north- ern Arizona, and New Mexico, a region before almost unknown. The report of this expedi- tion remains (1875) still unpublished. During the civil war Dr. Newberry was secretary of the western department of the sanitary com- mission. In 1866 he was appointed professor of geology in the school of mines of Columbia college, New York, and in 1869 became also state geologist of Ohio. He was one of the original corporators of the national academy of sciences, has been president of the Amer- ican association for the advancement of sci- ence, and is president of the New York lyceum of natural history. His most valuable papers have been upon the drift and carboniferous formations, and on fossil fishes and plants. NEW BRIGHTON, N. Y. See STATEN ISLAND. NEW BRIGHTON, a borough of Beaver co., Pennsylvania, on the E. bank of Beaver river, here crossed by a bridge, 3 m. above its en- trance into the Ohio, and on the Beaver and Erie canal and the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne, and Chicago railroad, 25 m. N. N. W. of Pitts- burgh ; pop. in 1870, 4,037. It is a place of active business, and the river supplies water power for factories of various kinds, consisting of a large woollen factory, extensive flax mills, the largest chain factory in the United States, novelty works, a keg factory, a foundery, two machine shops, a planing mill, three large flour- ing mills, and various other smaller industrial works. There are graded public schools, a weekly newspaper, a national bank, two bank- ing houses, and eight churches. NEW BRITAIN, the name of one large and several smaller islands in the Pacific NEW BRUNSWICK 275 between lat. 4 and 6 30' S., and Ion. 148 and 152 30' E. ; extreme length of the large island about 300 m., breadth from 5 to 50 m. ; area, about 10,000 sq. m. It is of crescent shape, and is separated on the west from Papua by Dampier's strait, and on the northeast from New Ireland by St. George's channel, the for- mer being about 50 and the latter 25 m. wide. There are several fine bays and harbors, and at Spacious bay, the E. headland of which is in lat. 5 2' S., Ion. 152 7' E., there is sup- posed to be a channel extending across the island. In the interior there are high moun- tains, and in the north active volcanoes. Bor- dering the coast are extensive fertile plains, and much of the surface is covered with for- ests. The principal productions are palms, sugar cane, breadfruit, pigs, turtles, and fish. The inhabitants are a tribe of oriental negroes or negrit6s, well made, and very dark. NEW BRITAIN, a town of Hartford co., Con- necticut, on the Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill railroad, and a branch of the New York, New Haven, and Hartford railroad, 8 m. S. W. of Hartford; pop. in 1870, 9;480. It is lighted with gas, has a steam fire engine, and an ample supply of water is obtained from a reservoir of 175 acres, at an elevation of 200 ft., throwing a jet from the fountain on the public square to the height of 140 ft. The chief busi- ness is the manufacture of builders' hardware. There are also two extensive hosiery manufac- tories, employing several hundred hands each, malleable iron works, and manufactories of cutlery, jewelry, lace, hooks and eyes, cabinet hardware, harness trimmings, &c. It contains a national bank, a weekly newspaper, three large public school buildings, two seminaries, the state normal school, and six churches. It was formed from the town of Berlin in 1850. NEW BRUNSWICK, a province of the Domin- ion of Canada, situated between lat. 44 35' and 48 5' N., and Ion. 63 47' and 69 5' W. ; average length N. and S. 180 m., average breadth 150 m. ; area, 27,322 sq. m. It is bounded N. by Quebec and the bay of Cba- leurs, E. by the gulf of St. Lawrence and Northumberland strait, which separates it from Prince Edward island, S. by Nova Scotia and the bay of Fundy, W. by Maine, and N. W. by Quebec. The province is divided into 15 counties, viz. : Albert, Carleton, Charlotte, Gloucester, Kent, Kings, Madawaska, North- umberland, Queens, Restigouche, St. John, Sunbury, Victoria, Westmorland, and York. These are subdivided into parishes. There are two cities : St. John (pop. in 1871, 28,805), the commercial metropolis, and Fredericton (pop. 6,006), the capital ; and four incorpo- rated towns : Moncton, Portland, St. Stephen, and Woodstock. The population of the prov- ince in 1784 was 11,457; in 1824, 74,176; in 1834, 119,457; in 1840, 156,162; in 1851, 193,800; in 1861, 252,047; in 1871, 285,594. Of the last number 237,837 were born in the province, 5,239 in Nova Scotia, 2,439 in Que-