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 NARUSZEWICZ NARVAEZ 147 perial councils lie continued to exercise a pre- dominant influence. He commanded a second expedition against the Goths in Italy in 552, and near Rome gained a victory over King Totila, who perished with 6,000 of his sol- diers. This triumph led to the surrender of Rome and several of the strongest fortresses in central Italy. A vast barbarian army under Teias, the successor of Totila, was soon after- ward defeated on the banks of the Sarno, near Naples, after a battle of two days, in which Teias was slain. The Franks and Alemanni, to the number of 75,000, now descended from the Alps, and spread themselves over the whole peninsula. When they had become demoral- ized and weakened by rapine, Narses attacked them at Casilinum in Campania, on their return northward, with such vigor that out of 30,000 men only 5,000 are said to have escaped. This victory ruined the barbarian power in Italy, which once more became a province of the empire. Narses was rewarded by the appoint- ment of governor of the conquered territory, and ruled at Ravenna with the title of exarch for about 14 years. After the accession of Justin II., being dismissed from office, he in- vited the Lombards to invade Italy, probably anticipating that he would be restored to pow- er in order to repel them. In this he was dis- appointed, and he is said to have died of grief at the ruin he brought upon the country. NARVSZEWICZ, Adam Stanislaw, a Polish histo- rian, born in Lithuania in 1733, died at Jano- wiec, Galicia, in 1796. He entered the order of Jesuits in 1748, travelled through Germany, France, and Italy, was appointed professor at Warsaw, and became bishop of Smolensk in 1773, and of Luck in 1790. His " History of Poland" (8 vols., Warsaw, 1780 et seq.) gained him the surname of the Polish Tacitus. Among his other works are a history of the Tartars, idyls, satires, and other poems. NARVA, a town and port of European Rus- sia, in the government and 80 m. S. W. of the city of St. Petersburg, on the left bank of the Narova ; pop. in 1867, 6,175. It is surrounded with a rampart, and has manufactories of nails, extensive saw mills, and productive fisheries. It was founded in the 13th century, and was formerly a member of the Hanseatic league, and celebrated for its commerce previous to the foundation of St. Petersburg. The inhab- itants of Narva proper are nearly all of Ger- man descent, while the suburb of Ivangorod is almost exclusively inhabited by Russians. Near this town Charles XII., on Nov. 30, 1700, with an army of 8,500 Swedes, defeated more than 50,000 Russians under Peter the Great. NARVAEZ, Pamfilo de, a Spanish explorer, born in Yalladolid about 1480, perished off the southern coast of Louisiana in 1528. He came to America apparently as early as 1501, served in Santo Domingo, and then passed to Cuba, where he stood next in command to Velazquez, the governor. Sent to Mexico to reduce Cortes, he was defeated, lost an eye, and was confined as a prisoner by Cortes for five years. He then went to Spain, ob- tained a grant of Florida, and sailed with a large force in 1527. He landed at Tampa bay, April 16, 1528, and marched to Appalache. Finding the country poor and thinly peopled with fierce tribes, he at last made for the coast, built rude boats, and endeavored to reach Mexico. Soon after crossing the mouth of the Mississippi he was blown out to sea in his boat and perished. Most of his force sank under hardship or hostilities, but his trea- surer Cabeca de Vaca and others made their way across the continent, and finally reached the Spanish settlement of San Miguel in So- nora in May, 1536. His accounts led to the exploration of New Mexico and California. NARVAEZ, Ramon Maria, duke of Valencia, a Spanish statesman, born in Loja, Andalusia, Aug. 4, 1800, died in Madrid, April 23, 1868. He was early engaged in military operations, and was wounded during the capture of Cas- telfollit in 1822. In 1823, when the French army of intervention entered Spain, he retired to Loja, but returned to the army in 1832, and in 1834 was wounded in the battle of Mendi- gorria. In 1836 he acted under the orders of Espartero, and the reputation which he gained by defeating the Carlist general Gomez (Nov. 25, 1836) led to his advancement. In 1838, by his rigorous measures against the brigands who infested La Mancha, he restored tranquil- lity to that province ; and he was appointed captain general of Old Castile and general of an army of reserve. He had also been elected to the cortes from Seville, and on the formation in that city of a revolutionary junta by Cor- dova, he repaired thither to aid that general in his movements against Espartero ; but the insurrection was suppressed, and Narvaez was compelled to seek refuge in France (1840). While thert he continued his machinations against Espartero, in conjunction with the queen mother Maria Christina ; and in 1843, at the head of the Christinos, he landed at Valen- cia, defeated Gen. Seoane at Torrejon de Ardoz (July 22), and made his entry into Madrid, which led to the overthrow of Espartero. In 1844 he became prime minister, and was created field marshal, count of Canadas Altas, and duke of Valencia. Maria Christina was permitted to return to Madrid, and the opponents of the constitution of 1845 were put down rigorously. His arbitrary disposition gave offence to many members of his own party, and brought him into collision with Maria Christina, and he re- signed in February, 1846. After having served for a short time as ambassador in Paris, he was recalled to power in 1847, but was soon dis- missed on account of quarrels with the queen mother. On Oct. 21, 1849, he was restored to office, and opposed the British government's attempt to interfere in Spanish affairs with a firmness which led to the withdrawal of the British minister (Sir Henry Bulwer) from Madrid, and to the temporary interruption of