Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/96

 88 MANAKIN about 7 in. long; the crest, lower back, rump, lower belly, thighs, and vent, bright crimson ; iv*t of plumage dull red, dusky on the back; tail crinixm, with end and outer web dusky brown; the female is of a general greenish olive color, with tinges of red on the head, ab- Eed Manakln (Phoenicercus carnifex). domen, and tail ; the young birds are brown- ish with whitish markings. This and the P. nigricollis (Swains.) inhabit the eastern parts of tropical South America. The blue-backed manakin (pipra pareola, Linn.) is 4 in. long ; the plumage is black, with the back and lesser wing coverts blue, and a crest of bright crim- son feathers ; the female and young are green- ish. There are more than 30 other species. These beautiful and active birds inhabit damp woods, on the borders of which they live in small flocks, seeking for insects and fruits. The rock manakins belong to the genus rupi- cola (Briss.), of which the best known species Orange Manakin (Euplcola crocea). is the orange manakin or cock of the rock (R. crocta, Bonn.); the plumage is saffron orange with the auffli partly whit,, and partly brown, ami the wing coverts loose and fringed; it has a singular crest of feathers arranged in two planes, arising from the sides of the head and MANATEE meeting over and in front of the bill ; the size is that of a small pigeon. This handsome spe- cies inhabits rocky places near the borders of the streams in Guiana, and its legs and feet are nearly as stout as in a gallinaceous bird of the same size, whence its common name ; it is ac- tive and suspicious, feeding on fruits and ber- ries; the nest is placed in holes in the rocks, composed of roots, grass, and earth, lined with finer materials ; it lays two white eggs, about the size of those of a pigeon ; it is now com- paratively rare, as it is hunted for the beauty of its plumage. There is a species in Peru (JR. Peruviana, Lath.), of a reddish saffron color, with black quills and tail, and ashy wing cov- erts ; it is a little larger than the other. The only old-world representative of this subfam- ily belongs to the genus calyptomena (Raffles)^ found in the thick forests of Java and Suma- tra ; the plumage is shining green, with a spot on each side of the nape, three oblique stripes on the wings, and the quills, except the out- er margins, dark-colored. The only species described by Gray is the green manakin (0. viridis, Raffi.), about 6 in. long; the color so nearly resembles the foliage of the high trees upon which it generally perches, that it is very difficult to see and to procure ; its food is en- tirely vegetable. M Ylss.ls JUNCTION, Battle of. See BULL RUN. MANiSSEH. I. The elder son of Joseph, son of Jacob, adopted by the latter on his death- bed to become the head of one of the tribes of Israel, yet made inferior to his younger brother Ephraim. At the time of the census at Sinai the tribe of Manasseh numbered 32,- 200, and 40 years later 52,700. On the con- quest of Palestine, half of the tribe received from Moses its allotment E. of the Jordan, N. of Gad, and the other half received from Joshua the region W. of the Jordan, between Issachar on the north and Ephraim on the south, the Mediterranean forming the western boundary. The eastern division contained among others the districts of Ituraa, Tracho- nitis, Gaulonitis, Batanaea, and part of Gilead- itis, and the towns of Gadara, Ashtaroth, Edrei, Gamala, Jabesh-Gilead, Mahanaim, and Gerasa. The western division was less impor- tant in history, it being almost always over- shadowed by its southern neighbor, Ephraim. II. A king of Judah, 696-641 B. C. See HE- BREWS, vol. viii., p. 589. MANATEE, Lamantin, or Sea Cow, a large aquat- ic mammal (manatus, Cuv.), which was ar- ranged by Cuvier among cetaceans, forming with the dugong the herbivorous group of this order, the family sirenia of Illiger. Re- cently, on account of the many important dif- ferences in their organization, they have been removed from cetaceans and placed in an or- der called sirenoids, intermediate between the old order of pachyderms and the cetaceans. The manatee has an elongated, fish-like body like that of the whales, the anterior limbs be-