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 MORMON'S before it could reach Salt Lake valley, and about the middle of November went into win- ter quarters on Black's Fork near Fort Bridger. On Nov. 27 Gov. Gumming issued a proclama- tion declaring the territory to be in a state of rebellion. In the spring of 1858, by the inter- vention of Mr. Thomas L. Kane of Pennsyl- vania, who had gone to Utah by way of Cali- fornia, bearing letters from President Buchan- an, a good understanding was brought about between Gov. Gumming and the Mormon lead- ers ; and toward the end of May two commis- sioners, Gov. Powell of Kentucky and Major McCulloch of Texas, arrived at the camp with a proclamation from the president, offering pardon to all Mormons who would submit themselves to federal authority. This offer was accepted by the heads of the church, and shortly afterward the troops entered Salt Lake valley, and were stationed at Camp Floyd on the western side of Lake Utah, about 40 m. from Salt Lake City, where they remained till May, 1860, when they were withdrawn from the territory. (See UTAH.) The priesthood of the Mormon church is organized into the following quorums : the first presidency, the twelve apostles, the high council, the seventies, high priests, elders, priests, teachers, and dea- cons. The first presidency (in 1875) consists of Brigham Young, George A. Smith, and Daniel H. Wells. They preside over and direct the affairs of the whole church. The twelve apostles constitute a travelling presiding high council. The whole hierarchy is divided into two bodies, the Melchizedek priesthood and the Aaronic priesthood. To the former, which is the highest, belong the offices of apostle, seventy, patriarch, high priest, and elder. The Aaronic priesthood includes the offices of bish- op, priest, teacher, and deacon, and can be held only by "literal descendants of Aaron," who are designated as such by revelation. The Mormon church teaches that there are many gods, and that eminent saints become gods in heaven, and rise one above another in power and glory to infinity. Joseph Smith is now the god of this generation. His superior god is Jesus, whose superior god and father is Adam. Above Adam is Jehovah, and above Jehovah is Elohim. All of these gods have many wives, and they all rule over their own descendants, who are constantly increasing in number and dominion. The glory of a saint when he becomes a god depends in some de- gree on the number of his wives and children, and therefore polygamy is inculcated and wives are "sealed" to saints here on earth to aug- ment their power in the heavens. The gods are in the form of men, and they are the fathers of the souls of men in this world. The ten commandments are considered the rule of life, together with a revelation given to Joseph Smith, Feb. 27, 1833, which is called "A Word of Wisdom." It teaches that it is not good to drink wine or strong drinks, excepting in the sacrament of the Lord's supper, and then it MORNAY 837 should be home-made grape wine ; that it is not good to drink hot drinks, or chew or smoke tobacco ; that strong drinks are for the wash- ing of the body, and that tobacco is an herb for bruises and sick cattle; that herbs and fruits are for the food of man ; that grain is for the food of man and beasts and fowls ; and that flesh is not to be eaten by man ex- cepting in times of winter, cold, and famine. This "Word of Wisdom," however, is' not re- garded precisely as a commandment, but as a revelation to show forth the will of God, and " suited to the condition of all saints, young and old, male and female, without distinction." Infant baptism is condemned, but the children of the saints are considered old enough at eight years to be baptized. Baptism for the dead is practised, a living person being publicly baptized as the representative of one or more deceased persons. Washington, Franklin, and other famous men have thus been vicariously baptized into the church. There have been many dispensations of religious truth, begin- ning with Adam and ending with the greatest of all, that through Joseph Smith, which is to culminate in the building of the New Jerusa- lem in Jackson county, Mo., and the gathering together of all the saints on the continent of America. A portion of the Mormons reject polygamy, and do not approve of the political schemes of Brigham Young and the leaders of the church in Utah. Joseph Smith, the son of the prophet, is regarded by them as the true living head of the church, and under his direc- tion they have established themselves at Nau- voo. Their number is inconsiderable. Anoth- er branch of the church has recently estab- lished itself at Independence, Mo., the sup- posed site of the "New Jerusalem." (For the political and social condition of the Mor- mons in Utah, see UTAH.) See "The Mor- mons," by Charles Mackay (London, 1851); "The Mormons or Latter Day Saints in the Valley of the Great Salt Lake," by Lieut. J. W. Gunnison (Philadelphia, 1852) ; " The Book of Doctrines and Covenants selected from the Revelations of God by Joseph Smith" (Liver- pool, 1854); "Utah and the Mormons," by Benjamin G. Ferris (New York, 1856); "A Compendium of the Faith and Doctrines of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints," by Franklin D. Richards, one of the twelve apostles (Liverpool, 1857); "Monnonism, its Leaders and Designs," by John Hyde, jr., for- merly a Mormon elder (New York, 1857) ; and " The Rocky Mountain Saints," by T. B. H. Stenhouse (New York, 1873). MORNAY, Philippe de, seigneur du Plessis- Marly, known as Duplessis-Mornay, a French soldier, born at Buhy, Isle de France, Nov. 5, 1549, died at Foret-sur-Sevre, Nov. 11, 1623. His father was a Roman Catholic, but his mother secretly brought him up as a Prot- estant, and after his father's death in 1560 he openly professed that religion. At an Dearly age he travelled extensively, attached himself