Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/814

 796 MONTREUX MONTROSE Commerce. YEARS. Import*. Exports. 1870 $26,680,814 $19100418 1871 36,805,497 16,720 888 1872 40,088,665 18,171,884 1878 44,820,646 19679118 In the exports for 1873 are included 2,764,- (543 bushels of wheat and 360,108 barrels of flour. The import duties collected in 1 870 were $4,128,052. The Lachine canal, 8 m. long, cuts across the S. point of the island, avoiding Lachine rapids. Since 1846 the waters of this canal and those skirting the river bank inside the upper basin have been turned to good ac- count for manufacturing purposes. The prin- cipal manufactures are axes, saws, cordage, printing types, India-rubber shoes, chairs, pa- per, woollens, cotton bags, steam engines, nails, spikes, joiners' finishings, and flour. The Grand Trunk railway connects the city with Portland, Me., and the principal places in the Dominion ; and the Vermont Central and Mon- treal and Province Line railways, with their connections, give it direct communication with New York and Boston. Its trade with St. John and Halifax is opened up through the Intercolonial railway. Montreal is the met- ropolitan see of the church of England in Can- ada, and the seat of a Roman Catholic bish- op. It is governed municipally by a mayor, 9 aldermen, and 18 councillors. The aggre- gate value of its real estate in 1856 was $25,- 565,333, and its total revenue from all sources $285,032; in 1873 the value of real estate was $63,561,150, and the total revenue $907,- 381. The settlement of Montreal dates from 1535, when it was visited by Jacques Cartier, who.named its mountain. The city was found- ed in 1642, on the site of the Indian village of Hochelaga. It was officially named Ville Marie, and for many years it was indifferently called by that and its present name. In 1758 it was well fortified. In 1760 it surrendered to the British ; and it was captured by the Amer- icans, under Gen. Montgomery, in November, 1775, and held until the next summer. In 1779 it contained 1,200 houses, 500 of which were of stone and within the walls, the remain- der outside and mostly of wood. Several times it has suffered severely from fire. In 1765 108 houses were burned, and 215 families left destitute. The population was then about 7,000, and one fourth of the city, worth $464,- 000, was destroyed. In 1768 90 houses, two churches, and a large charity school were con- sumed.' In 1849 the parliament buildings and library were burned by a mob, when the gov- ernment was removed to Toronto. Montreal was the headquarters of the British army in Canada until the final withdrawal of the troops after the consolidation of the provinces into the Dominion. MONTREUX, a commune of Switzerland, in the canton of Vaud and district of Vevay, cele- brated for its salubrity and the beauty of its situation. It extends between ridges of the Col de Jaman and the E. extremity of the lake of Geneva, and consists of about 20 villages, with an aggregate population in 1870 of 4,731. The best known village is Clarens. The village of Montreux, near the castle of Chillon, on the lake and 40 m. N. E. of the city of Geneva, is the most frequented in winter, especially by suf- ferers from diseases of the heart. The moun- tains on the north protect it against cold and snow, and heavy frosts are unusual. Roses and violets bloom during almost the whole year. The grape cure begins early in September. The rate of mortality is said to be lighter in this locality than in any other part of the world. MONTROSE, a seaport town of Forfarshire, Scotland, 23 m. N. E. of Dundee ; pop. of the borough in 1871, 14,548; of the parish, 15,783. It is on the W. side of a sandy peninsula, hav- ing the sea on the east, the mouth of the South Esk river on the south, and on the west a shallow basin 3 m. long and 2 m. wide, which becomes dry at low tide. The harbor is one of the best on the E. coast of Scotland. Its mouth is narrow, but is marked by a lofty beacon on the S. and two lighthouses on the N. E. side, and admits vessels drawing 18 ft. There are quays and dry and wet docks. A chain suspension bridge 432 ft. long, built in 1829, connects the town with the suburb of the Inch across the South Esk. In the High street are statues of Sir Robert Peel and Joseph Hume, who was a native of the place. There are 14 churches, schools for which the town is celebrated, and two lunatic asylums. Between the town and the sea are the Links or downs, celebrated for races and golf matches. Near Montrose are the Montrose pits, a singular hollow in the sea, 30 fathoms deeper than the tract around, where cod are caught in great numbers. There are linen manufactories, em- ploying about 4,000 persons, besides ship yards, iron fonnderies, and starch manufactories. In 1871 the imports were valued at 277,203, the exports at 21, 216; the number of entrances was 133, tonnage 31,614; clearances 73, ton- nage 16,334. The borough of Montrose re- ceived its first charter from David I., early in the 12th century. It was the seat of the first school of Greek in Scotland. MONTROSE, James Graham, marquis of, a Scotch soldier, born at the family estate of Auld Montrose in the autumn of 1612, hanged at Edinburgh, May 21, 1650. At the age of 14, on the death of his father, he became fifth earl of Montrose. He was educated at the uni- versity of St. Andrews, and travelled abroad for some years. Being ill received by Charles I. when he visited the court after his return, he joined the Covenanters. His name was put upon the tables of committees for the pop- ular cause, Nov. 15, 1637, and he was prom- inent in preparing the covenant. On the re- newal of the contest in 1640, the earl led the vanguard of the Scotch infantry, but he soon