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 MONTEFIORE ence, art, and literature. The dignity of a prince of the German empire was conferred on him by the emperor Leopold in 1679, and soon afterward the king of Naples gave him the duchy of Melfi. He lost his life by the fall of a beam. He left a personal memoir (translated into Latin under the title of Com- mentarii Bellici, fol., Vienna, 1718), contain- ing disquisitions on the military art and an ac- count of his campaigns against the Turks. His writings were published in the original Italian by Ugo Foscolo (2 vols. fol., Milan, 1807-'8), and by J. Grassi (2 vols. 4to and 8vo, Turin, 1821). MONTEFIORE, Sir Moses, a Jewish philanthro- pist, born in London, Oct. 24, 1784. His an- cestors had been wealthy bankers in London for several generations. He married, June 10, 1812, Miss Judith Cohen, a sister-in-law of Nathan Meyer Rothschild, the founder of the London branch of that house. While visiting Palestine in 1829 with his wife, he became in- terested in his coreligionists there. In 1837 he became sheriff of London and was knighted on the queen's visit to the city, and in 1846 he was made a baronet. He made a second jour- ney with his wife to the East in 1840, in com- pany with Cremieux, on occasion of the per- secution of the Jews in Damascus, and visited Palestine on several other occasions, always in the interest and for the relief of the Jews. In 1846 he prevailed upon the emperor Nicholas to suspend a ukase against the Jews, and was invited to visit Poland to suggest measures for the amelioration of the condition of its Jewish habitants. In 1854 he collected funds for the relief of the sufferers by the famine in the East, obtained from the sultan the privilege of holding real estate, and established poorhouses in Jerusalem, and also promoted industry and agriculture. In 1863, having secured at Ma- drid the cooperation of Queen Isabella, he ob- tained a firman from the sultan of Morocco in favor of the persecuted Jews, guaranteeing their equal protection with Christians. In 1866, in his 82d year, he made his last visit to his roteges in Palestine, who had been afflicted y the cholera, and whose crops had been der oyed by locusts. In the following year he went to Bucharest to use his influence against the ill treatment of the Jews in Roumania. In 1867 he endowed a Jewish college at Ramsgate in honor of his wife, who had died childless, Sept. 24, 1862. The freedom of the city -of London was tendered to him in 1873, with a valuable present, in token of his benevolence. Lady Montefiore published. " Notes of a Pri- vate Journal of a Visit to Egypt and Pales- tine" (London, 1844). MONTEGET, Emile, a French author, born in Limoges, June 24, 1826. He studied in Paris, and became known as a contributor to the Revue des Deux Mondes, with which he was mnected for many years. He was the first familiarize the French with the writings of lerson, some of whose essays he translated (1850). He also translated Macaulay's "History MONTENEGRO 779 of England" (2 vols., 1853 et seq. and Shake- speare's complete works (1868-70). Among his most recent writings are Les Pays-Bas, souvenirs de Flandre et de Hollande (1869), and Impressions de voyage et d'art, souvenirs enBourgogne (1873). MONTELIMART, a town of France, in the de- partment of Drome, 83 m. S. of Lyons : pop. in 1866, 11,100. It has a citadel, six churches, a communal college, manufactories of figured silk, and an extensive trade in wine and fruits. Here the doctrines of Calvin found the first adherents in France. In 1569 the place was unsuccessfully besieged by Coligni MONTEMOLIN, Count of. See CAELOS III MONTEMORELOS. See MORELOS. MONTEN, Dietrich, a German artist, born in Diisseldorf in 1799, died in Munich, Dec. 13, 1843. He studied at the academy of his native city, and under Peter Hess at Munich, became eminent as a painter of battles, and was em- ployed by Cornelius in preparing the battle scenes of one of his most celebrated frescoes. Among his most esteemed works are "The Departure of the Poles from their Fatherland in 1831," "The 'Death of Max Piccolomini," " The Death of Gustavus Adolphus," and " The Death of Duke Frederick William of Bruns- wick in the Battle of Quatre-Bras." MONTENEGRO (Slav. Tzernagora or Tcherna- gora, Turk. Karadagh, Alb. Mdl Zeze or Mdl Esye, Black Mountains), a semi-independent principality in European Turkey, near the Adri- atic, bordering on the Turkish provinces of Herzegovina, Bosnia, Albania, and the Dalma- tian circle of Cattaro; area, 1,700 sq. m.; pop.' about 130,000, chiefly Slavic. Capital, Cet- tigne. The limestone ridges of. the Dinaric Alps traverse the territory, and it has hardly any plains. The principal mountains are from 5,000 to 8,000 ft. high. Most of the streams, among them the Moratcha, flow into the lake of Scutari on the S. E. border. The mul- berry, olive, almond, fig, peach, pomegranate, and other fruit trees, and the vine, are cul- tivated. The chief productions are maize, po- tatoes, and tobacco. Agriculture is backward, but every piece of land capable of tillage is planted. Fishing is largely carried on. The winters are very cold, but the climate is health- ful. The number of villages is between 200 and 300, mostly in hollows and on the slopes of mountains. The men till the land, and the inferior drudgery is performed by the women. The men wear a white or yellow cloth frock, reaching nearly to the knees, secured by a sash, and a red Fez cap and white or red tur- ban. The women wear a frock or pelisse of white cloth, much longer than that of the men, and both sexes wear sandals of untanned ox hide, and carry the strulca (somewhat like the Scotch plaid) over their shoulders. The im ports are cattle and some horses, tobacco, salt, copper, iron, oil, wax candles, wine, brandy, coffee, sugar, arms, glass, sandals, and Fez caps. The exports are smoked mutton, sumach wood