Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/792

 774 MONTANA MONTANELLI assessed in 1873 was 19,905; cattle, 104,777; mules, 1,606; sheep, 10,597. The whole num- ber of manufacturing establishments in 1870, according to the census, was 201, having 33 steam engines of 822 horse power, and 46 water wheels of 795 horse power; hands employed, 701; capital invested, $1,794,300; wages paid, $370,843 ; value of materials used, $1,316,331; of products, $2,494,511. The most important establishments were 34 quartz mills, capital $1,184,900, value of products $801,873 ; 8 flour and grist mills, 31 saw mills, 13 breweries, and 6 manufactories of jewelry. The number of quartz mills, including those not in operation, according to the report of the United States commissioner of mining sta- tistics for 1870, was 48, having 591 stamps and 62 arrastras, and mostly run by steam. One, in Deer Lodge co., was for the production of sil- ver ; the rest, of gold. There are no railroads in Montana, but the Northern Pacific is to cross the territory from E. to W. The prin- cipal towns have telegraphic communication with the east and the Pacific coast. There are five national banks, with an aggregate capital of $350,000. The government is similar to that of the other territories. The executive officers are a governor and secretary, appoint- ed by the president with the consent of the senate for four years, and a treasurer, auditor, and superintendent of public instruction, crea- ted by local law. The legislative power is vested in a council of 13 and an assembly of 26 members, elected by the people for two years. Judicial authority is exercised by a supreme court, district courts, probate courts, and justices of the peace. The supreme court consists of three justices, appointed by the president with the consent of the senate for four years, and has appellate jurisdiction. A district court with general original jurisdic- tion is held by a justice of the supreme court in each of the three judicial districts. There is a probate court for each county, with the usual powers of such courts. Justices of the peace have cognizance of inferior cases. Ac- cording to the United States census of 1870, the assessed value of real estate was $2,728,- 128; of personal property, $7,215,283; true value of both, $15,184,522. The total taxa- tion not national was $198,527, of which $38,- 131 was territorial, $157,396 county, and $3,000 town, city, &c. ; county debt, $276,219 ; town, city, &c., $2,500. The valuation for purposes of taxation in 1873 was $9,803,745 ; taxation for territorial purposes, $39,214 98. The re- ceipts into the territorial treasury for the year ending Dec. 1, 1873, including $643 64 on hand at the beginning of the period, were $66,517 73; disbursements, $65,792 15; balance, $725 58. The net territorial debt on Dec. 31, 1873, amounted to $128,762 47, a decrease during the year of $13,786 52; $92,283 44 of this amount was in bonds bearing 12 per cent, interest. The aggregate debt of the several counties on March 1, 1873 (Lewis and Clarke to Sept. 1), was reported as $432,987 74. The territorial penitentiary is at Deer Lodge City. According to the report of the superintendent of public instruction for 1873, the number of children of school age (4 to 21 years) was 3,517; number attending public schools, 1,881 ; average attendance, 940 ; number of organized school districts, 91 ; of schools taught during the year, 90 ; teachers employed, 99 (50 males and 49 females) ; average pay per month, $68 41 ; average length of schools, 82 days ; num- ber of school houses, 51 ; amount raised for schools by county tax, $31,350 42 ; by district tax (in Madison co.), $934 55 ; amount appor- tioned during the year from all sources, $33,- 161 50 ; private schools taught during the year, 11, attended by 149 pupils. There are graded schools in Deer Lodge City, Helena, and Virginia City. The number of schools of all classes reported by the census of 1870 was 54 (45 ungraded common, 1 classical academy, 7 day and boarding, and 1 parochial and char- ity), having 34 male and 31 female teachers, 1,027 male and 718 female pupils, and an in- come from all sources of $41,170. There were 141 libraries, containing 19,700 volumes, of which 128 with 14,690 volumes were private; and 10 newspapers (3 daily, 1 tri-weekly, and 6 weekly), issuing 2,860,600 copies annually, and having a circulation of 19,580. The num- ber of church organizations was 15 (1 Chris- tian, 2 Episcopal, 7 Methodist, and 5 Roman Catholic), having 11 edifices, with 3,850 sit- tings, and property valued at $99,300. Mon- tana was set off from Idaho and given a terri- torial government by the act of May 26, 1864. Its settlement dates from the opening of the gold mines. By the act of Feb. 17, 1873, a tract of about 2,000 sq. m., between lat. 44 30' on the north, Wyoming on the east, and the Rocky mountains on the south and west, pre- viously belonging to Dakota, was annexed to Montana. Helena became the capital in 1875. MOIVTMELLI, Giuseppe, an Italian revolution- ist, born at Fucecchio, Tuscany, in 1813, died June 17, 1862. He graduated in law at the university of Pisa in 1831, and became pro- fessor of commercial jurisprudence there in 1840. In 1844 he founded a secret political association, and in 1847 a liberal journal, L? Italia. He was severely wounded and cap- tured by the Austrians in the battle of Curta- 'tone, May 29, 1848. He afterward became prime minister of Tuscany, and after the flight of the grand duke in February, 1849, was one of the triumvirs. Guerrazzi soon after be- coming dictator, he sent Montanelli as ambas- sador to Paris, where he remained ten years, being meantime sentenced to imprisonment for life by the restored grand ducal government. In 1859 he founded a journal at Florence, and subsequently became a member of the Italian parliament. He wrote u Memoirs " of the movements in Italy (Turin, 1853- ? 5 ; trans- lated into French, 2 vols., Paris, 1857), some lyric poems, and for Mme. Ristori, while she