Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/777

 MONRO MOSRO, Alexander, an English anatomist, born in London, Sept. 19, 1697, died in Edinburgh, July 10, 1767. In 1720 he began at Edinburgh a course of lectures on anatomy and materia medica, which were the first regular lectures on the medical sciences ever delivered in that city. On the foundation of the Edinburgh fac- ulty of medicine in 1721, Dr. Monro was ap- pointed professor of anatomy. The royal in- firmary of Edinburgh was founded under his direction, and he lectured there on surgical science till 1759, when he resigned his lecture- ship to his son Alexander, who was the author of several treatises on physics. The father's most important work is "Osteology, or a Trea- tise on the Anatomy of the Bones" (1726), which was translated into many foreign lan- guages. Some of his contributions to scien- tific journals were reprinted under the titles "Medical Essays and Observations" and "Es- says Physical and Literary." His complete works, edited by his son Alexander, with a memoir by his son Donald, were published in Edinburgh in 1781. MONROE, the name of 17 counties in the United States. I. A N. W. county of New York, bounded N. by Lake Ontario and drained by the Genesee river ; area, 682 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 117,868. The surface is generally level, with a slight inclination toward the lake. The soil is very fertile. The county is intersected by the New York Central and sev- eral other railroads, and the Erie and Gene- see Valley canals. The chief productions in 1870 were 1,051,520 bushels of wheat, 802,- 261 of Indian corn, 1,217,955 of oats, 480,968 of barley, 990,998 of potatoes, 134,184 of peas and beans, 70,095 Ibs. of tobacco, 337,394 of hops, 385,443 of wool, 1,631,050 of butter, 39,558 of cheese, and 74,453 tons of hay. There were 17,151 horses, 16,163 milch cows, 13,172 other cattle, 70,546 sheep, and 17,371 swine. There were 1,160 manufacturing es- tablishments, employing $10,951,090 capital, with annual products amounting to $23,745,- 407. The chief industries, besides a large number of nurseries for fruit and ornamental trees and plants, were 17 manufactories of agricultural implements, 19 of boots and shoes, 65 of carriages and wagons,82 of men's clothing, 1 of edge tools, 20 of furniture, 4 of hats and caps, 22 of iron castings, wrought iron, &c., 17 of machinery, 3 of paper, 4 of perfumery and fancy goods, 39 of tin, copper, and sheet- iron ware, 17 tanneries, 30 flour, 17 saw, and 4 planing mills, 3 distilleries, and 18 brewer- ies. Capital, Rochester. II. An E. county of Pennsylvania, separated from New Jersey by the Delaware river; area, 600 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 18,362. The surface in some parts is mountainous, and the soil of the valleys is rich. Limestone and slate are found. It is traversed by the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 37,062 bushels of wheat, 72,424 of rye, 175,040 of Indian corn, 113,470 of oats, MONROE 759 79,165 of buckwheat, 103,816 of potatoes, 12,039 Ibs. of wool, 298,168 of butter, and 17,973 tons of hay. There were 2,870 horses, 4,206 milch cows, 3,713 other cattle, 3,974 sheep, and 5,441 swine ; 12 flour, 14 saw, and 2 woollen mills, and 12 tanneries. Capital, Stroudsburg. HI. A S. county of West Vir- ginia, bordering on Virginia, drained by Green- brier and New rivers ; area, 450 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 11,124, of whom 1,003 were colored. It has an elevated surface, and is bounded E. and S. by the Alleghanies. It is one of the finest grazing counties in the state. The Chesa- peake and Ohio railroad passes through the N. part. The chief productions in 1870 were 52,817 bushels of wheat, 11,320 of rye, 170,721 of Indian corn, 59,062 of oats, 12.164 of pota- toes, 123,221 Ibs. of tobacco, 26,694 of wool, 163,540 of butter, and 5,388 tons of hay. There were 2,555 horses, 3,006 milch cows, 7,169 other cattle, 11,517 sheep, and 5,747 swine. Capital, Union. IV. A central county of Georgia, bounded E. by the Ocmulgee river and drained by several branches ; area, 370 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 17,213, of whom 10,804 were colored. The surface is diversified, and much of the soil fertile. Gold, iron, granite, and plumbago are found. The county is in- tersected by the Macon and Western railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 36,917 bushels of wheat, 241,251 of Indian corn, 21,286 of oats, 35,188 of sweet potatoes, 68,692 of butter, and 10,434 bales of cotton. There were 1,041 horses, 1,789 mules and asses, 2,173 milch cows, 589 working oxen, 3,485 other cattle, 1,754 sheep, and 11,018 swine. Capital, Forsyth. V. A S. county of Florida, forming the W. half of the extremity of the peninsula, bounded W. by the gulf of Mexico, S. W. by the bay of Ponce de Leon, N. by the Caloosahatchie river, and N. E. by Lake Okeechobee ; area, 3,060 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 5,657, of whom 1,026 were colored. In the S. part of the county lie the " Thousand Isles," and the Florida Keys are mostly included in it. The surface is mainly flat and marshy, and is partly occupied by the Everglades. The orange and the cocoa palm are indigenous. The productions are confined almost entirely to a few sweet potatoes, and most of the population centres at Key West. In 1870 the county contained 14,606 cattle. Capital, Key West. VI. A S. W. county of Alabama, drained and bounded S. W. by the Alabama river ; area, 980 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 14,214, of whom 7,572 were colored. The surface is moderately uneven and partly occu- pied by pine forests. The chief productions in 1870 were 232,486 bushels of Indian corn, 44 788 of sweet potatoes, 6,172 bales of cotton, 4,568 Ibs. of wool, 45,037 of butter, and 10,629 gallons of cane molasses. There were 1,068 horses, 975 mules and asses, 3,134 milch cows, 1,134 working oxen, 6,406 other cattle, 3,237 sheep, and 10,746 swine. Capital, Claiborne. VU. A N. E. county of Mississippi, bordering