Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/770

 752 MONKEY is about a foot long; the color of the body is yellowish brown, with the head black; there is no beard, and the tail is so short that Spix has placed it in a new genus brachyurw ; it is weak, inactive, and very timid. The yarke (P. leucocephala, Audebert) is black with the head whitish ; the hair is very long. These and sev- eral other species inhabit the woods of Guiana in troops, where they are generally called night or fox-tailed apes. Of the old-world monkeys, or catarrhini, the largest have been mentioned in the articles APE, BABOON, CHIMPANZEE, GIB- BON, GORILLA, and MACAQUE; so that it only remains to notice the smaller and long-tailed species. This division of the monkeys has the same number of teeth as man, viz., 32, and similarly arranged, except that the incisors are more prominent, and the canines larger and separated from the incisors; there is a thin septum between the nostrils, hard naked skin or callosities on the rump, pouches on the sides of the face between the cheeks and the jaws ; they generally have tails, though these are ab- sent in the larger anthropoid apes ; they are found in the warmer parts of Asia and Africa, only one species being naturalized in Europe (the Barbary ape on the rock of Gibraltar). The first of the monkeys not already noticed, connecting the guenons or long-tailed mon- keys with the gibbons or long-armed apes, is the presbytis or capped monkey ; this has no cheek pouches, but has naked callosities, a long tail, and arms reaching to the knees. The P. mitrula (Eschs.) has the body 1 ft. long, and the tail about as long ; the hair is bluish gray above and grayish white below, with a black line from the ears across the head ; it is a native of Sumatra. In the African genus colobus (111.) there are no thumbs on the hands, and the limbs are long and slender as in the spider monkeys (ateles) of the new world. The king monkey ( C. polycomus, Geoffr.) is remarkable for the long, coarse, and flowing hair on the head, like a full- Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus). bottomed periwig ; the body is shining black, and the tail is pure white. The proboscis mon- key (nasalis larvatus, Geoffr.) has a short muz- zle, but the nose is lengthened into a kind of proboscis 4 in. long, at the end of which are the nostrils ; the body is thick and the limbs stout ; there are cheek pouches and callosities, and the tail is longer than the body; the color is reddish brown, with lighter patches on the lower back, and the face black; the body is about 2 ft. long; they are very active and noisy, and inhabit in large troops the forests of Borneo. The Cochin-China monkey (lasiopyga nemcea, 111.) is a very singularly marked species ; the muzzle is slightly elongated, the face bare, the hands longer than the forearm, with short and slender thumbs ; it has cheek pouches, but no callosities, and the tail is long. The colors are brilliant, the upper part of the head being brown with a chestnut frontal band, long hair of cheeks dirty white, forearms and tail white, the hands and thighs black, legs chestnut, and body olive gray; it stands nearly 4 ft. high. The first genus of the guenons is semnopithecus Entellus (Semnopithecus entellus). (F. Guv.), with round head, flat nose, long limbs, short thumbs, small cheek pouches and callosities, slender form, very long and thin tail, and canines much longer than the incisors ; they inhabit India and its archipelago. The S. entel- lus (F. Cuv.) has a body about H ft. long and a tail 2 ft; the hind limbs are much longer than the anterior ; the color is yellowish white, pa- ler beneath, with the face, forearms and hands, legs and feet, black ; it appears slow, sad, and stupid when at rest, but when roused is ex- tremely active ; it is very sensitive to cold, and is therefore rarely seen in menageries. It is called hoonuman by the Hindoos, who consider it a crime to kill one, and believe that the person who destroys one will surely die with- in the year; it occupies a conspicuous place among their divinities. There are several other species in Sumatra. The genus cercopithecm (Erxl.) differs from the last in the larger facial angle, more elegant shape and coloring, longer posterior limbs, and milder and more affection- ate disposition ; it has only four tubercles to the last lower molar, instead of five, as in sem- nopithecus. The varied monkey (C. mona, Geoffr.) is the handsomest of all ; the body is