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 MITCHEL months the journal was suppressed, and its editor sentenced to expatriation for 14 years. On May 27, 1848, after two weeks' incarcera- tion at Newgate, Mitchel was taken in irons from Dublin to Spike island (Cork harbor), where a government order, was received to treat him " as a person of education and a gen- tleman." Taken thence in a day or two, he passed 10 months in the island of Bermuda, whence he was again deported to Australia. Here he met Smith O'Brien, Meagher, and other political associates. On July 19, 1854, Mitchel resigned his parole and escaped from the col- ony, landing in New York on Nov. 29. There he founded the "Citizen," a weekly journal, which he conducted until failing eyesight con- strained him to seek a more congenial climate. He removed to Tennessee, where he established the " Southern Citizen," in which he advocated the reopening of the slave trade. He edited the Richmond " Examiner " during the civil war, after which he settled in New York. In July, 1874, he made a visit to Ireland, returning in October. In February, 1875, he was elected to parliament for Tipper ary, though disquali- fied for a seat by his uncancelled sentence, and again went to Ireland. He is the author of " Hugh O'Neill," his own "Jail Journal" (New York, 1854), " The Last Conquest of Ireland (perhaps) " (Dublin, 1861), and a continuation of MacGeoghegan's " History of Ireland." He has also edited the poems of Thomas Davis and James Clarence Mangan, with biographies. MITCHEL, Ormsby Macknight, an American astronomer, born in Union co., Ky., Aug. 28, 1810, died at Beaufort, S. C., Oct. 30, 1862. At 12 years of age, with a good knowledge of Latin and Greek and the elements of mathe- matics, he became clerk in a store in Miami, O., and afterward removed to Lebanon, Warren co., where he had been educated. Being ap- pointed a cadet, he earned the money that took him to West Point, which place he reached almost penniless in June, 1825. After gradu- ating in 1829, he was acting assistant professor of mathematics for two years. From 1832 to 1834 he was a counsellor at law in Cincinnati ; from 1834 to 1844 professor of mathematics, philosophy, and astronomy in Cincinnati col- lege; in 1836 and 1837 chief engineer of the Little Miami railroad. An observatory having been erected at Cincinnati chiefly through his exertions, he became its director; and in 1859 he took the direction of the Dudley observa- tory at Albany, retaining his connection with that at Cincinnati. In August, 1861, he was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers, and assigned to the department of the Ohio. After the occupation of Bowling Green and Nashville, he made a forced march into Ala- bama, fought a battle near Bridgeport at the close of April, 1862, and seized the railroad between Corinth and Chattanooga, for which he was promoted to the rank of major gen- eral. In July he was relieved of his com- mand in the west, and in September was MITCHELL 677 placed in command of the department of the South, where he was preparing for an ac- tive campaign when he died of yellow fever. He was a popular lecturer on astronomy, and scarcely less distinguished for his mechanical skill, by which he perfected a variety of astro- nomical apparatus, among the most important of which was that for recording right ascen- sions and decimations to within -nnnr of a sec- ond of time. Among his discoveries are the exact period of rotation of Mars, and the com- panion of Antares or Cor Scorpii. He also remeasured W. Struve's double stars S. of the equator, which resulted in several interesting discoveries. He published " Planetary and Stel- lar Worlds," a collection of lectures, a treatise on algebra, and a " Popular Astronomy." In 1846-'8 he published "The Sidereal Messen- ger," a periodical. MITCHELL. I. A N. W. county of North Carolina, bordering on Tennessee, bounded S. W. by the Nolichucky river; area, about 530 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,705, of whom 213 were colored. It lies between the Blue Ridge and Iron mountains. In 1867 five valuable mica mines were discovered in this county, which have since been extensively worked, and the trade has enabled the inhabitants to pay off the entire debt of the county. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 12,530 bushels of wheat, 6,065 of rye, 72,860 of Indian corn, 21,311 of oats, 8,483 of potatoes, 8,725 Ibs. of wool, and 35,760 of butter. There were 665 horses, 1,416 milch cows, 2,207 other cattle, 5,142 sheep, and 6,889 swine. Capital, Bakersville. II. A S. W. county of Georgia, bounded N. E. by Flint river; area, about 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,633, of whom 2,950 were colored. The sur- face is level and the soil fertile. It is traversed by the Albany division of the Atlantic and Gulf railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 150,526 bushels of Indian corn, 26,240 of oats, 21,382 of sweet potatoes, 39,860 Ibs. of butter, 4,708 bales of cotton, and 21,412 gal- lons of sorghum molasses. There were 2,133 milch cows, 4,121 other cattle, 2,092 sheep, and 7,186 swine. Capital, Camilla. III. A N. county of Iowa, bordering on Minnesota and intersected by the Red Cedar river and its E. fork; area, 431 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 9,582. It is intersected by the Burlington, Cedar Rap- ids, and Minnesota railroad. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 564,894 bushels of wheat, 150,847 of Indian corn, 358,105 of oats, 33,804 of barley, 36,141 of potatoes, 8,906 Ibs. of wool, 194,060 of butter, and 15,415 tons of hay. There were 2,600 horses, 2,986 milch cows, 5,685 other cattle, 2,440 sheep, and 2,603 swine ; 2 manufactories of agricultural imple- ments, 6 of carriages and wagons, 1 of iron castings, 1 of patent medicines, 1 woollen mill, 3 saw mills, and 1 flour mill. Capital, Mitchell. IV. A N. central county of Kansas, intersected by Solomon river ; area, 720 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 485. The surface is undulating, and con- sists mostly of fertile prairies. The chief pro-