Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/662

 FOREIGN MISSIONS and Japan ; 20 missions in all, 21 central sta- tions, 400 out stations, and 54,735 communi- cants (30,782 of them in Europe) ; income (1873-'4), $261,000; expenditures, $289,309. The missionary society of the Methodist Epis- copal church was organized in 1819, and has missions in Germany, Denmark, Norway, Swe- den, Italy, European Turkey, Africa, India, China, Japan, the West Indies, Mexico, and South America, with 200 missionaries, 435 assistants, 317 teachers, 14,683 communicants, 5,335 probationers, 21,242 pupils, and an income of $337, 1 90. The Protestant Episcopal church organized a board of missions in 1820. It has missions in Greece, west Africa, China, Japan, the West Indies, and among the American In- dians, with 8 missionary bishops, 17 mission- aries, 23 native clergy, 22 churches, 400 com- municants, 50 schools, 1,700 scholars, and an income (1873) of $114,110. The board of for- eign missions of the Presbyterian church was formed in 1837, sustained by the " Old School," while the other branch still cooperated till 1870, as before mentioned, with the American board. It was preceded by a number of small- er societies, which confined their labors mainly to the Indians. Presbyterian missions were begun in Africa in 1832, in India in 1833, in China in 1838, and among the Chinese in Cali- fornia in 1852 ; and more recently the board kas sent missionaries to South America, Mexico, Siam, and Japan, besides reenforcing and enlarg- ing the missions in Syria, Persia, and Africa, which were received from the American board. It has 134 missionaries, 116 native pastors and preachers, 440 other native laborers, 6,272 communicants, 12,533 scholars, and an income (1873) of $623,000, $128,000 having been raised by special effort to pay a debt. The Presby- terian church, South, organized a separate board in 1861, and now has 21 missionaries and 38 assistants, laboring among our own In- dians, in Mexico, South America, Italy, Greece, and China. The society reports an income (1873) of $42,431. The United Presbyterian missionary society, organized in 1859, has mis- sions in Syria, Egypt, India, and China, 23 stations, 13 missionaries, 83 native ministers and teachers, 21 churches, 655 members, 22 schools, 2,358 scholars, and an income of $65,- 653. The Evangelical Lutheran church has sustained a mission in India since 1841, which now has 5 ordained missionaries and-40 native assistants ; it has also a station in Liberia, with 3 missionaries. Its receipts in 1873 were $28,000. The Seventh Day Baptists com- menced missionary operations in 1842, and have small missions in west Africa and China. The Baptist church, South, constituted a soci- ety in 1845, and has missionaries in China (4), Africa (10), Italy (6), and among the American Indians (56 native preachers and 2,800 mem- bers), with an income of $52,000. The Meth- odist Episcopal church, South, has 2 mission- aries in China, with 3 or 4 native laborers, and 12 white preachers and 16 native ministers among the American Indians. The Freewill Baptists and the Unitarians have done some- thing in India. Some of the friends of mis- sions separated from the older organizations on the ground of their complicity with slavery, and thus the " Free Baptist Missionary Society " was organized in 1843, with a mission in Hayti ; and the " American Missionary Association " was formed in 1846. In the latter three smaller organizations, the " Union Missionary Society," the " Committee for the West Indian Mission," and the " Western Evangelical Missionary As- sociation," were soon merged, and gave it mis- sions in the West Indies, among the North American Indians, and in western Africa. It has also had a small mission in Siam, and an- other in the Hawaiian islands. Since the civil war, however, its energies have been devoted to the freedmen of the south, establishing schools and colleges, furnishing teachers and professors, and aiding in forming churches. It has three missionaries in the West Indies, two in west Africa, one in Siam, and one in the Hawaiian islands. It has recently an- nounced its purpose of relinquishing all its for- eign work, except the Mendi mission in west Africa, and concentrating its efforts upon the colored people of the south, where it already has 47 churches, 2,898 members, 65 schools, 7 colleges, 323 ministers, missionaries, and teachers, and 14,048 scholars. The society has also a mission among the Chinese in Califor- nia. Its income in 1873 was $345,277. The "American and Foreign Christian Union," supported by several denominations, was es- tablished in 1849 by the union of three small- er societies, and its labors have been devoted chiefly to the Roman Catholics of America and Europe, with missions in Mexico, South America, France, and Italy. But of late years the various denominations have under- taken the same work by their separate socie- ties, and as the society was thus losing a large part of its constituency and resources, in 1872 it transferred its foreign work to other societies, and now confines its efforts to the Roman Catholics of the United States. Its receipts in 1873 were $28,571. Recently a number of ladies' missionary societies have come into existence. The first was the " Wo- man's Union Missionary Society," established in New York in 1861, with special reference to work among the zenanas of India, sustained by different denominations ; it has 350 auxili- aries, with female laborers in India, China, and Japan, and an income (1873) of $46,000. The " Woman's Board of Missions," sustained chief- ly by the Congregationalists and auxiliary to the American Board, was organized in 1868 ; it has 500 auxiliaries, and an income of $77,- 000. Similar societies have been organized in connection with the Methodist church (1869), with 1,500 auxiliaries and an income of $64,- 309 ; in the Presbyterian church (1871), with 376 auxiliaries and receipts of $87,316; and in the Baptist church (1871), with 600 auxilia-