Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/554

 536 MILFORD MILFORD HAVEN Pityusa and Anactoria. It was subsequently settled by lonians from Greece under the lead of Neleus, the younger son of the last Athenian king, Codrus. It was celebrated as an indus- trial and commercial city, and in the early por- tion of Grecian history it was the foremost maritime power, extending its commerce and colonies all over the shores of the Mediterra- nean, the Propontis, and the Euxine. Among its colonies were Naucratis in the delta of Egypt, Sinope in Paphlagonia, Panticapaouin in the Taurian peninsula (Crimea), and Odessus, Olbia, Tomi, and Istropolis, on the W. shores of the Euxine. At the same period it also occupied a dignified place among the most en- lightened cities of Ionia, being the birthplace of the philosophers Thales and Anaxiniander, and of the historians Cadmus and Hecatseus. It successfully defended its independence against Sadyattes and Alyattes of Lydia, but succumbed to the last monarch of that kingdom, Croesus ; and after his fall it was subdued by the army of the Persian conqueror under Harpagus. Under Aristagoras, the brother-in-law 'of its governor Histiaeus, it revolted with the other Ionian cities against Darius Hystaspis, receiv- ing aid from the Athenians, but was finally subdued and destroyed by the Persians (494 B. 0.), the great revolt leading to the first in- vasion of Greece. Recovering under the later Persian kings, it vainly defended the cause of the last of them against Alexander (334), and suffered a new ruin. Having belonged for about a century to the Seleucidse, it was annexed to the territories of Rome after the defeat of Antiochus the Great, and shared the fate of the other cities of the province of Asia, dwin- dling away under the Byzantine rule, until it was totally destroyed by the Turks. For some years excavations have been conducted at the cost of the Rothschilds, who in 1873 presented to the administration of the fine arts in Paris several columns and sculptures from the temple of Apollo Didymus. Remains of an aqueduct and of several temples have been found. MILFORD, a town of Worcester co., Massa- chusetts, on the Milford branch of the Boston and Albany, and on the Milford and Woon- socket and the Hopkinton railroads, 30 m. S. W. of Boston; pop. in 1870, 9,890. It is one of the largest boot manufacturing towns in New England, and contains machine shops and other manufactories, a national and a savings bank, a weekly newspaper, and six churches. MILFORD HAVEN, a harbor of Pembroke- shire, Wales, the deepest, safest, and most com- modious in Great Britain, formed by an inlet of St. George's channel, N. W. of the entrance to Bristol channel. Its opening is toward the south, but after penetrating a short distance Milford Haven. inland it changes its direction and runs east, branching off into numerous bays, creeks, and roads. It is about 10 m. long and from 1 to 2 m. wide, and is defended by two batteries. The tides rise from 28 to 30 ft., and at low water it contains as great an area of deep an- chorage as the aggregate of Plymouth, Port- land, and Holyhead. It has substantial docks and piers, and is a great resort for shipping. A royal dockyard was established here in 1790, but it was removed to Pembroke in 1814. The number of entrances at the port in 1871 was 31, tonnage 8,190 ; clearances 5, tonnage 2,183. The imports from the United States in 1871 were valued at 2,051, from other countries 24,355. Milford (pop. in 1871, 2,836) is a