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 MEIGS MEISSNER 363 000,000, of which three are finished, and the others nearly so (1875). All his liabilities in California have been paid with interest, and the legislature has invited him to return. MEIGS. I. A S. E. county of Tennessee, bounded N. W. by the Tennessee river ; area, 215 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,511, of whom 436 were colored. The surface is hilly and the soil fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 29,603 bushels of wheat, 176,733 of In- dian corn, 18,776 of oats, 47,101 Ibs. of butter, and 456 bales of cotton. There were 996 horses, 1,069 milcji cows, 1,719 other cattle, 4,392 sheep, and 8,098 swine. Capital, Deca- tur. II. A S. E. county of Ohio, bordering on West Virginia, and bounded E. by the Ohio river; area, 425 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 31,465. It has a broken surface and clayey soil. There are mines of coal along the river, and large salt works. The chief productions in 1870 were 140,267 bushels of wheat, 479,933 of In- dian corn, 102,980 of oats, 163,132 of pota- toes, 91,034 Ibs. of wo&l, 489,087 of butter, and 19,464 tons of hay. There were 4,929 horses, 5,360 milch cows, 8,968 other cattle, 28,444 sheep, and 13,253 swine; 6 manufactories of furniture, 1 of forged and rolled iron, 1 of nails and spikes, 2 of iron castings, 2 of engines and boilers, 10 of salt, 1 of woollen goods, 6 tanneries, 12 saw mills, 1 planing mill, 7 flour mills, and 1 ship yard. Capital, Pomeroy. MEIGS, James Atkins, an American physician, born in Philadelphia, July 31, 1829. He grad- uated at Jefferson medical college in 1851, be- came professor of the institutes of medicine in the Philadelphia college of medicine in 1857, and in 1859 was transferred to the same chair in the medical department of Pennsylvania col- lege, and in 1868 to Jefferson medical college. He edited Kirke's " Manual of Physiology," contributed to Nott and Gliddon's " Indigenous Races of the Earth" an article on "The Cra- nial Characteristics of the Races of Men," and has published various other scientific papers. MEIGS, Return Jonathan, an American soldier, born in Middletown, Conn., in December, 1740, died at the Cherokee agency, Georgia, Jan. 28, 1823. At the commencement of the revolu- tionary war he raised a company and marched to Cambridge, and subsequently accompanied Arnold to Quebec, where he was taken prison- er. After bemg exchanged in 1776 he raised a regiment and was appointed its colonel. He distinguished himself at Sag Harbor, for which he received the thanks of congress and a sword, and at the capture of Stony Point. In 1788 he settled at Marietta, O. In 1801 he was appointed Indian agent of the Cherokees, among whom he passed the remainder of his life. His journal of the expedition to Quebec, inserted in the "American Remembrancer" for 1776, was published with an introduction and notes by C. T. Bushnell (New York, 1864). MEINERS, Christoph, a German historian, born in a village of Hanover in 1747, died in Gottingen, May 1, 1810. He was educated at the university of Gottingen, where in 1772 he was appointed professor of philosophy, and subsequently vice rector. He was charged by the czar Alexander with the task of selecting professors of science and literature for the Russian colleges. Of his numerous works, the most important are devoted to the history of religion, philosophy, and science. ME1NINGEN, a town of Germany, capital of the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, situated in a narrow valley on the right bank of the "Werra, and on the Werra railway, 40 m. S. W. of Er- furt ; pop. in 1871, 8,876. The Jews, who are numerous, have built a fine quarter, and the town was prosperous until the autumn of 1874, when four fifths of the houses were burned, the quaint old town hall and other public buildings being swept away. The ducal palace (Elisa- bethenburg), with a park, and a modern Gothic chapel and works of art and a library of 30,000 volumes, escaped the flames. Near Meiningen is the village of Bauerbach, where Schiller re- sided in 1782-'3. (See SAXE-MEININGEN.) MEISSEN, a town of Saxony, on the Elbe, 12 m. K W. of Dresden; pop. in 1871, 11,455. It contains a castle founded by Henry the Fowler, and a fine Gothic cathedral, said to have been built by the emperor Otho I. The town is noted for its manufactures of porcelain, known as Dresden china. It also produces carved ivory ware and other similar articles, and has a considerable trade in wine and fruits. In the middle ages it was the capital of the margraves of Meissen (or Misnia, which inclu- ded Dresden, Bautzen, and other towns) until their removal to Dresden, after which it con- tinued to be the residence of the burgraves and the bishops until the reformation. It suffered much during the thirty years' war ; the bridge over the Elbe was partially destroyed by the French in 1813, and again in 1866, during the war between Prussia and Austria. The mar- graviate, which arose under Henry the Fowler and his son Otho I., was ruled by members of various families till the close of the llth cen- tury, when it fell to the house of Wettin, in which it soon after became hereditary. Un- der this house the margraviate rose to consid- erable power, and in 1423 Frederick the War- like, in reward for services in the Hussite war, received from the emperor Sigismund the duchy of Saxony with the dignity of elec- tor. In the division of the Saxon dominions in 1485, Meissen fell to the younger or Alber- tine line. (See SAXONY.) MEISSNER, Alfred, a German poet, born at Teplitz, Oct. 15, 1822. He is a grandson of the voluminous miscellaneous author August Gottlieb Meissner (1753-1807). He studied medicine, taking his degree at Prague in 1846. To elude the Austrian censorship, he published in the same year at Leipsic his famous epic poem Ziska (10th ed., 1867). He long resided chiefly in Paris, and returned to Prague in 1850, where he and Moritz Hartmann were the principal representatives of the liberal school