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 MAZZINI of Venice, which from the beginning had acted in accordance with his republican views under the lead of Manin, and encouraged him to pro- ceed to Florence. Here he became a member of the provisional government, and was sent as deputy to the Roman republic, which had been proclaimed in February, 1849. He was elected a triumvir by the Romans, and became the ruling spirit of the republic, which was soon suppressed by French intervention. Maz- zini went to Lausanne, where he continued the journal L 1 Italia del Popolo, which he had com- menced at Milan. He remained for some time in Switzerland, organizing there a new national committee for continuing his agitations. Re- turning to London, he united his efforts with those of Ledru-Rollin, Kossuth, Arnold Ruge, and other revolutionary leaders. His name was associated with the dagger insurrection in Milan (Feb. 6, 1853), started by young enthu- siasts who were led on by the inflammatory zeal of Mazzini, and promptly suppressed by the Austrian government. Orsini, formerly one of his most active partisans, in his memoirs published at Edinburgh in 1857, reproached Mazzini with recklessness and disregard of the lives of his friends. The latter, however, per- sisted in his propagandism ; and notwithstand- ing the disapprobation of Manin and of other republican leaders, he again instigated an in- surrection in Sardinia in 1857, and went to Genoa to superintend it. His followers seized Fort Diamante in the night of June 29 ; but as the people did not join the movement, Mazzini was compelled to abandon the enterprise. His friends who attempted similar outbreaks at Leghorn and Naples fell into the hands of the government, including those captured on board the steamer Cagliari, and were put to death or imprisoned, while Mazzini himself retired to his place of concealment near Geneva, and afterward returned to London, where he pub- lished " The late Insurrection defended by Jo- seph Mazzini" (1858). In January, 1858, his name was unjustly associated with Orsini's in the attempt to assassinate Napoleon III. At the end of that year he established in London a weekly journal, entitled Pemiero ed Azione. During the war of 1859 in Lombardy, he con- stantly resisted the idea that Italy could be benefited by the intervention of Napoleon III. ; but he was warmly interested in the subsequent efforts to unify Italy, though he wanted it to be republican as well as united. In September, 1862, he published a manifesto to the people of Italy. In 1865 he was elected to the Italian parliament, but his election was annulled. Af- ter 1870 he resided principally at Genoa and Pisa. He was buried at Genoa, and it was estimated that 80,000 people witnessed his fu- neral. In addition to his literary works above noticed, he published ISItalie, VAutriche et le pape (English ed., London, 1845) ; Le pape au XIX* siecle (Paris, 1850); "Royalty and Re- publicanism in Italy" (London, 1850), trans- lated into French with a preface by George MEAD 309 Sand; "The War and the Commune" (1871), and other pamphlets. There are editions of his works in Italian (12 vols., Milan, 1861 et seq.) and English, "Life and Writings of Maz- zini'] (6^ vols., London, 1864-'70). See Maz- zini juge par lui-meme et par les siens, by Jules de Breval (Paris, 1853 ; translated into Eng- lish) ; his "Life" by Simoni (1870) ; and "Jo- seph Mazzini, a Memoir," by E. H. V., with two essays by Mazzini (London, 1874). MAZZOLIH, Lodovico, an Italian painter, born in Ferrara about 1481, died there about 1530. He was a pupil of Lorenzo Costa, and in small pictures, particularly his miniature altarpieces, attained great excellence. His architectural backgrounds are especially admired. His works are not numerous. MAZZUCHELLI, Giovanni Maria, count, an Ital- ian jurist, antiquary, and biographer, born in Brescia, Oct. 28, 1707, died there, Nov. 19, 1765. He was educated at Bologna, and after- ward became keeper of the Quirinian library in his native city, where he devoted himself to Italian antiquities and biographical literature. He wrote Notizie storiche e critiche intorno alia vita, alle invenzioni ed agli scritti di ArcMmede Siracusano (Brescia, 1737) ; Gli scrittori d? Italia, doe notizie storiche e cri- tiche intorno alle mte ed agli scritti del let- terati italiani (2 vols. fol., in 6 parts, l753-'63, not complete); and many other works. He left a vast collection of casts and medals, after- ward engraved and published. MAZZUOLA, Francesco. See PAEMEGIANO. MEAD, Larkin Goldsmith, an American sculp- tor, born in Chesterfield, N. H., Jan. 3, 1835. In 1852 he went to Brooklyn, N. Y., where for three years he was a pupil of Henry Kirke Brown. At Brattleboro, Vt., he modelled in snow a statue of the "Recording Angel," cut in marble in 1855. In 1857 he executed the colossal statue "Vermont, "which crowns the dome of the state house, and in 1861 the statue of Ethan Allen, which stands in the portico. In 1862 he went to Florence, and produced the statuettes "Echo," "Sappho," "Joseph, the Shepherd," "The Mountain Boy," and a bust of "Echo." His first elaborate work in Italy was a group, "The Returned Soldier," executed in 1866. From 1868 to 1874 he was occupied upon the groups "Columbus's Last Appeal to Queen Isabella," and "America" for the soldiers' monument at St. Johnsbury, Vt., and executed the statue and corner figures for the Lincoln monument at Springfield, 111., unveiled Oct. 15, 1874. Besides portrait busts, he has modelled "Venice, the Bride of the Sea," and "The Discovery of America," and in 1874 he completed for the state of Vermont a statue of Ethan Allen, to be placed in the old hall of representatives in Washington. MEAD, Ricbard, an English physician, born at Stepney, near London, in 1675, died in Lon- don, Feb. 16, 1754.' He studied at Utrecht, Leyden, and Padua. In 1703 he was elected a member of the royal society, and in the same