Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/301

 MAURICE MAURICIUS 289 hausen (July 9), but received a wound from which he died two days afterward. In 1853 a monument was erected on the battle field in his honor. He promoted important civil, mil- itary, and educational reforms in Saxony, and added several institutions to the university of Leipsic, He was succeeded by his brother Augustus. His only surviving daughter, Anna, became the wife of William I., prince of Or- ange. See Moritz, Herzog und Kurfiirst von Sachsen, by Langenn (2 vols., Leipsic, 1841). MAURICE, John Frederick Denison, an English clergyman, born in 1805, died in London, April 1, 1872. He was the son of a Unitarian minister, and was sent at an early age to Trin- ity college, Cambridge, where he contracted a friendship with John Sterling, and they mar- ried sisters. He declined a fellowship on the ground that, being a dissenter, he could not sign the thirty-nine articles of the church of England, and take a degree. Going with Ster- ling to London, he became connected with the " Athena um," and published a novel entitled " Eustace Conyers, or Brother and Sister." It was not put in circulation till 1834, when the publisher had quite lost sight of the author. The villain of the novel was called Capt. Mar- ryat; and Mr. Maurice received a challenge from Capt. Frederick Marryat, whose aston- ishment was great on learning that the anony- mous author of " Eustace Conyers " had never heard of the author of "Frank Mildmay," and, being in holy orders, was obliged to decline fighting a duel. At the end of two years he became a member of the church of England, and a candidate for holy orders, and about 1828 received ordination. Endeavoring to make the theology of his church minister to the social wants of the people, he pursued a career of activity and usefulness in that direc- tion, although he encountered much opposi- tion. Allying himself from the outset with that movement in the established church now known as the " Broad Church " party, of which Dr. Arnold of Rugby was the acknowl- edged pioneer, he was after the death of the latter commonly regarded as his successor in its leadership. His personal influence secured many adherents ; and his numerous writings, nearly all of which were devoted to the ex- position of "Broad Church" views, were widely circulated in Great Britain and Amer- ica. Not less remarkable was his advocacy of " Christian socialism," in which he found an able and enthusiastic colleague in the Rev. Charles Kingsley. He founded a working- men's college in London, to which he devoted much time and attention. In 1846 he was appointed chaplain and reader to Lincoln's Inn, and about the same time professor of the- ology in King's college, London, which latter post he resigned in 1853; and in 1860, by the queen, incumbent of the district church of Vere street, Marylebone. In 1866 he became professor of moral philosophy in the univer- sity of Cambridge, and in 1867 received the honorary degree of M. A. Charles Kingsley says that, although he was a great and rare thinker, he was greatest in his personal influ- ence. His principal works are : " Theological Essays " (1853), which cost him his professor- ship in King's college; "Philosophy of the First Six Centuries," and " Unity of the New Testament" (1854); "The Patriarchs and Lawgivers of the Old Testament," and " The Prophets and Kings of the Old Testament " (1855) ; " The Epistles of St. John," and " Medi- eval Philosophy" (1857); "Parochial Ser- mons " (6 vols., 1860) ; " The Religions of the World," and " Lectures on the Apocalypse " (1861) ; " Modern Philosophy " (1862) ; " The Gospel of the Kingdom of Heaven" (1864); " The Gospel of St. John," and " The Conflict of Good and Evil in our Day " (1865) ; " The Workman and the Franchise," and " The Com- mandments, as Instruments of National Refor- mation" (1866); "The Conscience" (1868); and "Social Morality, Twenty-one Lectures delivered in the University of Cambridge " (1869). In connection with a layman he wrote " The Claims of the Bible and of Sci- ence" (1863). A posthumous work on the Lord's prayer, with a biographical sketch, was published in 1872, and "The Friendship of Books, and other Lectures," edited by Thomas Hughes, in 1874. A memorial of him has been printed, the proceeds to be devoted to placing fcis bust in Westminster abbey, to es- tablishing the workingmen's college on a more permanent basis, and providing for lectures in it, chiefly on the history and study of the Bible. MAURICE, Thomas, an English clergyman, born in Hertford about 1755, died in London, March 30, 1824. He graduated at Oxford, and became curate of Woodford in Essex. He re- signed that post in 1785, and accepted a small pastorate at Epping. In 1799 he became as- sistant librarian to the British museum. His principal works are : " Indian Antiquities " (7 vols. 8vo, London, 1791-'7) ; " History of Hin- dostan" (3 vols. 4to, 1795-'9) ; "Modern His- tory of India" (2 vols., 1802-'4); and his per- sonal "Memoirs" (3 vols., 1819-'22). MAURICE OF SAXONY. See SAXE. MAURICIUS, Flavins Tiherins, a Byzantine em- peror, born in Arabissus, Cappadocia, about 539, executed Nov. 27, 602. Descended from an ancient Roman family, he passed his youth in the camp and at the court of Justin II., and on the accession of Tiberius II. in 578 was appointed to conduct the war against the Per- sians. In 580 and 581 he totally overthrew the Persians in two pitched battles, and re- turned to Constantinople in triumph. On the death of Tiberius, who proposed Mauricius for his successor, the latter ascended the throne amid universal rejoicing (582). The Persians immediately renewed the war, and twice de- feated the Byzantine commander-in-chief on their borders. Mauricius sent out his brother- in-law Philippicus, who gained a great victo- ry at Solacon in 586, but soon after suffered