Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/260

 248 MASSACHUSETTS chard products, $989,854; of produce of mar- ket gardens, $1,980,821 ; of forest products, $1,616,818 ; of home manufactures, $79,378 ; of animals slaughtered or sold for slaughter, $4,324,658; of all live stock on farms, $17,- 049,228. The chief productions were, 17,574 bushels of spring and 17,074 of winter wheat, 239,227 of rye, 1,397,807 of Indian corn, 797,- 6G4 of oats, 133,071 of barley, 58,049 of buck- wheat, 24,690 of peas and beans, 3,026,363 of potatoes, 597,455 tons of hay, 7,312,885 Ibs. of tobacco, 306,659 of wool, 6,559,161 of but- ter, 2,245,873 of cheese, 61,910 of hops, 399,- 800 of maple sugar, 25,299 of honey, and 15,- 284,057 gallons of milk sold. Besides 45,227 horses and 52,263 neat cattle not on farms, there were 41,039 horses, 114,771 milch cows, 24,430 working oxen, 78,851 other cattle, 78,- 560 sheep, and 49,178 swine. As a manu- facturing state, Massachusetts ranks with the first in the Union. The amount of capital in- vested in manufactures, and the value of the annual products, are greater in New York and Pennsylvania ; but in proportion to the popula- tion the industries of Massachusetts are more extensive than those of either of the states named. In 1850 the capital invested in manu- factures amounted to $88,940,292, and the an- nual products to $157,743,994; in 1860 the former had increased to $132,792,327 and the latter to $255,545,922. In 1870 the amount of capital invested was $231,677,862, and the value of annual products $553,912,568; the materials used were valued at $334,413,982, while the wages paid amounted to $118,051,- 886. There were 13,212 establishments using 2,396 steam engines of 78,502 horse power and 3,157 water wheels of 105,854 horse power, and employing 279,380 hands, of whom 179,032 were males above 16, 86,229 females above 15, and 14,119 youth. The aldermen and select- men of the various cities and towns are re- quired by law to ascertain and return decen- nially to the state secretary the industrial sta- tistics of the commonwealth. The value of the products of all industries as thus returned amounted to $124,000,000 in 1845, $295,000 - 000 in 1855, and $577,000,000 in 1865; show- ing an increase during the last named decade in the value of industrial products of 72 per cent., while the population during the same period in- creased only 3 per cent. The leading products returned for the year ending May 1, 1865, were : INDUSTRIES. MASSACHUSETTS. HOTTED STATES. Capital. Products. Capital. Product!. Bleaching and dyeing. $1,063,650 872,030 19,559,738 666,900 42,153,175 1,185,400 2,636,650 146,000 7,723,628 111,400 1,361,400 72.548,475 20,622,400 $22,252,000 2,161.481 88,899,588 2,886,848 59,493,158 1,617.904 8,971.522 818,768 12,696,491 503,885 4,869,514 112,763,211 89,489,242 $5,006,950 858,560 48,994,866 8,580,470 133,238,797 2.246,830 7,643.884 880,800 85,780,514 583.290 2,119,350 265,084,095 97,173,482 $58,571,498 8,389,091 181,644,090 8,979,882 177,489,739 2,882,808 10,567,104 665,703 50,842,445 2.255,446 7,282,086 380,913,815 151,298,196 Boot and shoe findings Boots and shoes Cordage and twine Cotton goods. . . Cutlery Chairs Lasts Paper Sails Straw goods Textiles, inclu- E cotton s, flax and goods, carpets, wool- len goods, and worsted goods Woollen goods. PRODUCTS. Value. Capital. Hands. Boots and shoes C:ilii-<> and delaine ... Clothing $52,915,248 26,268,708 17 748 894 $10,067,474 4,222.000 55,160 4,208 Cotton. M 4.-V, ---i Hay 18,19^274 Horses, oxen, ami rows. Mackerel and cod fishery P:i|..-r 11'.1M.7!0 1888,818 ') mis V'l 's.YoYjei il',518 Printing and newspapers l:o!,v,| and slit iron and nails r,.:;.v.i4- - -: 8,847 Woollen goods 4-.l:;o.071 14,785,880 18,488 In the manufacture of boots and shoes, cord- age and twine, cotton goods, cutlery, chairs, lasts, straw goods, and woollen goods, as well as textiles in general, and bleaching and dye- ing, Massachusetts ranks above all other states. The extent of these industries in this state, as compared with the United States, in 1870, is indicated in the following statement : While Massachusetts holds the first rank in re- spect to the industries named, the state is spe- cially noted for the extent of its manufactures of boots and shoes and cotton and woollen goods. Here are the great centres of these industries in the United States. Of the boot and shoe establishments, 1,123 were each pro- ducing annually more than $5,000. In these were employed 7,042 sewing and 636 pegging machines and 51,167 hands. The products embraced 10,129,910 pairs of boots and 29,- 164,594 pairs of shoes. Nearly one third of the capital invested in the manufacture of cot- ton goods in the United States was employed in Massachusetts. The machines in use em- braced 55,343 looms and 1,255,552 frame and 1,363,989 mule spindles. The cotton consumed amounted to 130,654,040 Ibs. ; the products in- cluded 22, 123, 147 yards of sheetings, shirtings, and twilled goods, 12,434,858 of lawns and fine muslins, 229,613,105 of print cloths, 2,108,- 952 Ibs. of yarn not woven, 2,595,358 dozens of spool thread, 33,712,996 yards of warps, 3,773,664 Ibs. of bats, wicking, and wadding, 6,864,954 yards of flannel, 13,690,000 of ging- hams and checks, and 407,527 Ibs. of thread. The value of all products increased from $21,- 394,401 in 1850 to $38,004,255 in 1860, and $59,493,153 in 1870. In the woollen mills were 1,367 cards, with a daily capacity for 159,484 Ibs. of carded wool, 4,469 broad and 3,374 narrow looms, and 470,785' spindles; 37,146,190 Ibs. of domestic wool were con- sumed, besides 2,813,449 of cotton and 5,994,- 110 of shoddy. The products embraced 403,- 785 pairs of blankets, 21,819,879 yards of cloths, cassimeres, and doeskins, 285,000 of