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 MARYLAND run the lines. The Pennsylvania boundary is known as "Mason and Dixon's line," from the names of the surveyors who located it. (See MA- SON AND DIXON'S LINE.) The W. boundary was surveyed in 1859 by commissioners appointed by Maryland and Virginia. The line along the Potomac remains still formally unadjusted, Maryland claiming the S. branch, and West Virginia the N. branch, while in the main stream Virginia claims the N. bank and Mary- land the S. bank as the boundary. This dis- pute involves valuable riparian rights, and in Chesapeake bay productive oyster fisheries. In the long and bloody contest which annihi- lated the French dominion in America, Mary- land bore an active part. Until the capture of Fort Duquesne in 1758, the western parts of the colony were kept in constant terror, and large numbers sought refuge in Baltimore and other coast towns. The stamp act and the tea duty act were alike opposed by the people of Maryland, and in December, 1774, the proprie- tary government was practically superseded by a convention of the people. Another conven- tion assembled in August, 1776, and in Septem- ber presented a bill of rights and a constitu- tion, which were adopted in November. The first elected legislature assembled at Annapo- lis, Feb. 5, 1777, and on the 13th Thomas John- son was chosen the first republican governor. Throughout the war the Maryland troops were remarkably efficient, and under the title of the " Maryland line " took a high position in the continental army. In 1783 congress met at Annapolis, and here on Dec. 23 "Washington resigned his commission. The federal con- stitution was adopted in the Maryland con- vention by a vote of 63 to 11, on April 28, 1788. During the war of 1812, Admiral Cock- burn, the British naval officer, committed a series of depredations on the shores of Chesa- peake bay, and plundered and burned French- town, Havre de Grace, Fredericktown, and Georgetown. The Maryland militia opposed the march of the British to Washington in 1814, but without effect. On Sept. 12 of the same year was fought the battle of North Point, in which the British general Ross was killed, and the Americans gained a slight advantage ; and on the next day the invaders began an attack upon Baltimore by the bombardment of Fort McHenry. The defence was bravely conduct- ed, and on the 16th the British fleet weighed anchor and made sail down the bay. The Bal- timore and Ohio railroad was commenced in 1828, and completed to the Point of Rocks on the Potomac in 1832, but it was not opened to Wheeling till 1853. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal was undertaken by a company formed in 1828, and was completed in 1850. In 1802 and 1810 the constitution was amended, and in 1836 it was essentially remodelled. In 1845-' 6 it was again amended, and in 1851 a new consti- tution was adopted. At the beginning of the civil war many citizens of Maryland favored secession, and many subsequently entered the MARY MAGDALENE 231 confederate army. The first hostile demon- stration was the attack on the sixth Massachu- setts regiment in Baltimore, April 19, 1861. (See BALTIMOKE.) The legislature, which met at Frederick on the 26th in pursuance of a proclamation of the governor, refused to pass an ordinance of secession, but took various measures looking to neutrality, and passed res- olutions assenting to the independence of the confederate states and opposing the war. At the election which took place in November the Union candidate for governor was elected by a majority of 31,412 in a total vote of 83,584, and a legislature almost unanimously in favor of the Union was chosen. Henceforth the state authorities were active in support of the war, and 49,730 men were contributed by Maryland to the federal armies. In Septem- ber, 1862, the battle of Antietam, the principal engagement that took place in Maryland, was fought, and in June, 1863, the state was in- vaded by Lee in his advance into Pennsylva- nia. Another invasion, under Gen. Early, took place in July, 1864, and a battle was fought on the Monocacy river (July 9). In October, 1864, a new constitution was ratified by the people by a vote of 30,174 to 29,799, which abolished slavery and disfranchised all who had aided or encouraged rebellion against the United States. The present constitution was adopted at an election held on Sept. 18, 1867. MARY OF BURGUNDY. See MAXIMILIAN I. MARY OF THE INCARNATION (MAEIE GUY- ARD), an Ursuline nun, called the St. Theresa of New France, born in Tours, France, Oct. 18, 1599, died in Quebec, April 30, 1672. By the will of her father she married at 17 M. Mar- tin, a silk manufacturer. Having been left a widow at 19, she superintended a factory till her son was 12 years of age, and then, on Jan. 25, 1631, entered an Ursuline convent. She went to Canada in 1639, and founded the Ur- suline convent in Quebec. She acquired the Huron and Algonquin languages, taught French and Indian pupils, and evinced great judgment and ability in directing her community and in aiding the rising colony. She was one of the first to call the attention of the French gov- ernment to the vital importance of securiDg the mouth of the Hudson from the Dutch, if France desired to hold Canada. Her letters, which form a valuable body of contempora- neous information, and are esteemed in a re- ligious point of view, were published in 1681. Her life has been written by her son, the Ben- edictine Dom Claude Martin (Paris, 1677), by Father Charlevoix (Paris, 1724), and by the abb6 Casgrain (Quebec, 1864). MARY MAGDALENE (probably so called from Magdala, a town of Galilee), a woman men- tioned by St. Luke (viii. 2) as "Mary called Magdalene, out of whom went seven devils," among those who accompanied Jesus and "^inin- istered unto him of their substance " (viii. 3). She is commonly supposed to be the same as the "woman, which was a sinner," of whom