Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XI.djvu/233

 MAEYLAND 221 CENSUS YEARS. White persons. Fre colored. Slaves. Totsl population. 1790... 1800 1810. 208,649 246,326 235 117 8,043 19,587 33927 103,086 105,635 111,502 819,728 841,548 880,546 1820 It30 260,223 291 108 89,730 52938 107,897 102 994 407,850 447040 1S40.. 818 204 62 078 89787 470 019 1350 1S60 1870.. . 417,943 515,918 605 497 74,723 83,942 175 391 90,868 87,189 588,034 687,049 780 894

Included in the last total are 2 Chinese and 4 Indi ans. In 1 870 Maryland ranked 20th among the states in total population, a gain since 1860 of 13'66 per cent. ; 18th in white population, gain 17*36 per cent. ; llth in colored population, gain 2-49 per cent. Of the total population, 697,482 were native and 83,41-2 foreign born. Of the natives, 629,882 were born in the state, 22,846 in Pennsylvania, 20,237 in Virginia and West Virginia, 6,876 in Delaware, 3,890 in New York, 1,853 in New Jersey, 1,212 in Mas- sachusetts, and 1,163 in Ohio. There were 175,666 persons born in the state living in oth- er states and territories. Of the foreigners, 47,045 were born in Germany, 23,630 in Ire- land, 4,855 in England, and 2,432 in Scotland. There were 384,984 males and 395,910 females. Of the colored inhabitants, 151,463 were blacks and 23,928 mulattoes. The number of male citizens of the United States 21 years old and over was 169,845. The number of families was 140,078, having an average of 5*57 persons to a family; of dwellings, 129,620, with 6'02 persons to a dwelling. There were 114,100 persons 10 years old and over who could not read; 135,499 could not write, of whom 126,- 907 were natives and 8,592 foreigners, 46,796 whites, and 88,703 colored, 61,981 males and 73,518 'females; 21,572 were from 10 to 16 years of age, 21,452 from 15 to 21, and 92,471 were 21 and over. Of the last number, 13,344 were white males and 27,123 colored males. There were 427 blind persons, 384 deaf and dumb, 733 insane, and 362 idiotic ; number of paupers supported during the year ending June 1, 1870, 1,857, at a cost of $163,584; receiving support June 1, 1,612, of whom 265 were for- eigners and 566 colored; number of persons convicted of crime during the year, 868 ; num- ber in prison June 1, 1,035, of whom 68 were foreigners and 663 colored. The number of persons 10 years old and over returned as engaged in occupations was 258,543 (213,691 males and 44,852 females), of whom 80,449 were employed in agriculture, 79,226 in pro- fessional and personal services, 35,542 in trade and transportation, and 63,326 in manufac- tures and mining. Included in these numbers were 48,079 agricultural laborers, 31,213 farm- ers and planters, 938 clergymen, 34,742 do- mestic servants, 28,571 laborers, 772 lawyers, 1,771 officials and employees of government, 1,257 physicians and surgeons, 2,190 teachers, 9,775 traders and dealers, 9,840 in other mer- cantile pursuits, 2,859 officials and employees of railroad companies, 3,529 carmen, draymen, teamsters, &c., 5,968 sailors, steamboatmen, watermen, &c., 3,231 blacksmiths, 4,793 boot and shoe makers, 2,806 masons and stonecut- ters, 1,128 brick and tile makers, 1,566 butch- ers, 1,235 cabinetmakers and upholsterers, 7,904 carpenters and joiners, 1,086 cigar makers and tobacco workers, 1,483 coopers, 1,992 cotton and woollen mill operatives, 1,569 fishermen and oystermen, 1,709 iron and steel workers, 1,027 machinists, 1,116 millers, 2,041 milliners and dressmakers, 2,838 miners, 1,845 painters and varnishers, 5,868 tailors, tailoresses, and seamstresses, 1,256 tinners, and 1,026 wheel- wrights. The surface of the eastern shore of Maryland, which forms a part of the penin- sula lying between Chesapeake and Delaware bays, is low and level except in the N. part, where it is somewhat broken and rocky. The soil of this region is generally sandy. That part of the western division of the state which forms the peninsula between Chesapeake bay and the estuary of the Potomac presents the same natural features. The northwest is rug- ged and mountainous. The Blue Eidge, and other main ranges of the Alleghanies, cross it from Virginia and West Virginia into Pennsyl- vania. None of these chains attains a great elevation. The seacoast has a length of only 83 m. ; but including the whole tide-water region of .Chesapeake bay, the shore line is estimated at 411 m., and if the shores of islands be included, at 509 m. The principal rivers belonging wholly or in part to Maryland are the Potomac, Patuxent, Severn, Patapsco, Sus- quehanna, Elk, Choptank, Nanticoke, and Po- comoke. The rivers of the eastern shore, with the exception of the Choptank and Nanticoke, are rather inlets into which flow numerous small creeks than rivers, and are navigable only near their mouths. On the western shore, however, are the Potomac, navigable about 125 m. ; the Patuxent, 50 m. ; the Patapsco, 22 m. ; and the Susquehanna, navigable beyond the Maryland boundary. Above Washington the Potomac receives the Monocacy river, Antietam creek, the Gonecocheague river, and many smaller streams. The extreme W. part of the state is drained by the Youghiogheny river, which through the Monongahela empties into the Ohio. Chesapeake bay, which almost bisects the state, extending northward within 14 m. of the frontier of Pennsylvania, receives near- ly all the rivers of Maryland. At its mouth, between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, it is 15 m. wide, its opening facing east; but on penetrating the land it almost immediately changes its direction, its length lying almost due N. and S. A little below the mouth of the Potomac it is about 30 m. wide, after which it again contracts, and at its head branches off into several small estuaries, just above the mouth of the Susquehanna. It is nearly 200 m. long, and navigable throughout. It con- tains many small islands, and its shores are in- dented with innumerable bays and inlets. The