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 MARIES MAPJETTE 165 West Prussia, on the Little Nogat, 45 m. S. E. of Dantzic ; pop. in 1871, 7,172. It is one of the most beautiful towns of eastern Germany, has a large cathedral church, a gymnasium, a hospital for blind soldiers, and an ancient cas- tle which is now used as a prison. The most important branches of industry are woollen cloth weaving, brewing, and distilling. MARIES, a S. central county of Missouri, in- tersected by the Gasconade river ; area, about 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1970, 5,916, of whom 22 were colored. The surface is broken and gen- erally well timbered ; the soil of the valleys is fertile, that of the uplands poor. Iron, lead, and copper are found. The chief productions in 1870 were 79,243 bushels of wheat, 163,479 of Indian corn, 72,075 of oats, 8,887 of pota- toes, 17,672 Ibs. of tobacco, 15,152 of wool, and .41,633 of butter. There were 2,720 horses, 466 mules and asses, 1,998 milch cows, 4,337 other cattle, 8,095 sheep, and 10,759 swine. Capital, Vienna. MARIETTA, a city and the capital of "Washing- ton co., Ohio, at the confluence of the Ohio and Muskingum rivers, and at the terminus of the Marietta and Cincinnati and the Marietta, Pittsburgh, and Cleveland railroads, 85 m. E. S. E. of Columbus; pop. in 1850, 3,175; in 1860, 4,323; in 1870, 5,218. Including Har- mar, which is part of the town, the popula- tion is over 7,000. It is regularly laid out, with wide streets and. neatly built houses. On the site of the city there is a remarkable group of ancient works, which are described in Squier and Davis's " Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley" as consisting of " two irregular squares (one containing 40 acres area, the other about 20 acres), in con- nection with a graded or covered way, and sundry mounds and truncated pyramids. The town of Marietta is laid out over them, and, in the progress of improvement, the walls have been considerably reduced and otherwise much obliterated; yet the outlines of the entire works may still be traced. The walls of the principal square, where they remain undis- turbed, are now between 5 and 6 ft. high by 20 or 30 ft. base ; those of the smaller enclo- sure are somewhat less. The entrances or gateways at the sides of the latter are each covered by a small mound placed interior to the embankment ; at the corners the gateways are in line with it. The larger work is desti- tute of this feature, unless we class as such an interior crescent wall covering the entrance at its southern angle." Marietta has considerable trade in petroleum, which is obtained in the vicinity, and contains several iron founderies, manufactories of buckets, chairs, &c., a union bank, and two national banks. It is the seat of Marietta college, the grounds of which oc- cupy a square, and contain four buildings. This institution was established in 1835, and in 1873-'4 had 11 professors and instructors, 182 students (93 in the collegiate and the rest in the preparatory department), 360 alumni, and libraries containing 25,000 volumes. The city has flourishing graded schools, including a high school, three weekly newspapers (one German), and 15 churches. Marietta is the oldest town in the state, having been settled in 1788 by New Englanders under Gen. E. Put- nam, and named in honor of Marie Antoinette. MARIETTE, August* fcdouard, a French Egyp- tologist, born in Boulogne, Feb. 11, 1821. He was educated at the college of Boulogne, in which he was subsequently a teacher of gram- mar and of drawing. He early became inter- ested in antiquities, and his first publication, Lettres d M. Bouillet (Paris, 1847), was a dis- sertation on the names of the cities that had formerly occupied the site of Boulogne. Egyp- tian hieroglyphics attracted his attention, and by the aid of books he became so well versed in Egyptology that he was appointed in 1848 to a situation in the Egyptian museum in the Louvre ; and in 1850, at the recommendation of the institute, he was sent by the govern- ment on a scientific mission to Egypt. There his attention was chiefly directed to the re- mains of Memphis, and his excavations led to most important discoveries. Among these is the discovery of the Serapeum, close by the three great pyramids, and the first of the tem- S'es of Memphis disinterred. M. Mariette told r. Bayard Taylor, who visited him at the scene of his explorations in 1851, that an in- scription which he found on one of the blocks quarried out of a mound near Mitrahenny in- duced him to believe that the principal part of the city lay to the westward, and accordingly he began to sink his pits four miles from the spot which archaeologists had fixed upon as the site of Memphis. He soon struck upon an avenue of sphinxes, which led to the Serapeum or temple of Serapis mentioned by Strabo, an enormous structure of granite and alabaster, containing within its enclosure the sarcophagi of the bulls of Apis from the 19th dynasty to the time of the Roman supremacy. He found also 2,000 sphinxes, between 4,000 and 5,000 statues, reliefs, and inscriptions, eight colossal statues, evidently the product of Grecian art, and streets, colonnades, public and private edi- fices, and other marks of a great city. Subse- quently he discovered an entrance to the great sphinx at Gizeh, and the clearing away of the sand at the base has left no doubt that this monument was sculptured from the immense rock which forms its foundation. On his re- turn home, he was in 1855 appointed assis- tant conservator of the Egyptian museum in the Louvre, and in the same year sent to stndy Egyptian antiquities in the museum at Berlin. Having returned to Egypt, he was made by the viceroy director of the depart- ment for the preservation of Egyptian antiqui- ties, with the title of bey, and an annual al- lowance for the prosecution of his researches. Among his later excavations, resulting in in- teresting and important discoveries, are those at Tanis, disclosing the monuments of the