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 MANNING 119 lorned with fountains, and statues of Schil- ler, Dalberg, and Iffland. The theatre is a fine building, and in it Schiller's " Eobbers " was first acted. Behind the palace, which contains collections of art, a large library, and a cabinet of natural history, are beautiful gardens, end- ing in a raised terrace upon the brink of the Rhine (JRheindamm). Along the banks of the Neckar, in the outskirts of the town, are hand- some private gardens, and a broad avenue (Plankemtrasse) between the Heidelberg and Rhine gates is planted with trees. In spite of its fine position on two navigable rivers, the trade of the place was formerly unimportant ; but of late years, owing to its railway connec- tions, it has become the first commercial town in the grand duchy. The town was founded in 1606, and from 1720 to 1777 it was the capi- tal of the Palatinate. It suffered severely in the thirty years' war, and was almost de- stroyed by the French in 1688 after a siege of 17 days. It was soon rebuilt, and was strongly fortified in 1699; but in the early part of the present century the ramparts were removed. During the wars of the revolution, the French attacked, the town in December, 1794, and occupied it Sept. 20, 1795. During the long siege only 14 houses remained unin- jured, and half of the palace was burnt. By the peace of Luneville (1801), Mannheim was allotted to Baden. MANNING, Henry Edward, an English Roman Catholic archbishop, born at Totteridge, Hert- fordshire, July 15, 1808. He was educated as a member of the Anglican church at Harrow and Balliol college, Oxford, graduated in 1830, and was chosen fellow of Merton college and one of the select preachers in the university. In 1834 he was appointed rector of Laving- ton and Graffham in Sussex, and in 1840 archdeacon of Ohichester. In 1842 he pub- lished his first work, on the "Unity of the Church," which classed him among the Pusey- ites. Two volumes of sermons published re- spectively in 1842 and 1846 attracted much attention. He also published three series of " Sermons preached before the University of Oxford" (1844, 1848, and 1850). The Gor- ham decision, leaving the doctrine of the effect of baptism an open question in the church of England, called forth a declaration from him, and other well known clergymen and laymen of the establishment, that, unless that decision was formally repudiated, it would be of bind- ing force upon the English church. They strove to free that which they conceived to be the church of Christ from submission to a doctri- nal decision given by the crown. Their at- tempt, however, was without result, and, with the exception of one or two protests, the ac- tion of the court was acquiesced in. Dr. Manning consequently gave up his preferments in 1851, and was received into the Roman Catholic church. He then went to Rome, where he remained till 1854. In 1857 he was ordained priest by Cardinal Wiseman, and ap- pointed rector of St. Helen and St. Mary's, Bayswater, where he established a house of Ob- lates of St. Charles Borromeo, an association of secular missionary priests founded in the 16th century. About the same time the de- gree of D. D. was conferred on him by Pius IX., with the office of provost of the Roman Catholic diocese of Westminster and the rank of prothonotary apostolic. On the death of Cardinal Wiseman, Dr. Manning was nominated by the pope archbishop of Westminster, and consecrated June 8, 1865. He immediately set about promoting temperance, benevolent guilds, and elementary education among the poor Cath- olics of London, and purchased a site for a cathedral which was to be a memorial to Car- dinal Wiseman, but declared that not one stone of this edifice should be laid till every poor child in his flock was provided with a Catholic free school. In 1871 he conceived the project of a Roman Catholic university, appealed to the public, created a fund, and organized a senate and a corps of professors. The institu- tion was opened in Kensington Oct. 15, 1874. On July 2, 1869, he dedicated the pro-cathedral of Our Lady of Victories, Newland terrace, Kensington. At this time a controversy arose between Archbishop Manning and Bishop Du- panloup concerning the opportuneness of urging a definition of the doctrine of papal infalli- bility. The archbishop before departing for the oecumenical council addressed a pastoral letter to his flock on the question of infal- libility, which, with two others on the man- ner in which the deliberations of the coun- cil were conducted, and in elucidation of the defined dogma, was published, with the title of Petri Privilegium (London, 1871). In 1868 he addressed to Earl de Grey a remarkable let- ter on Ireland, in which he sets forth the mis- chief of English misrule in that country, and pleads strongly for justice. Since then he has been prominent in encouraging the " Home Rule " movement, and has taken an active part in denouncing the course pursued in Germany and Switzerland toward the Roman Catholic church. The principal works of Archbishop Manning, besides those mentioned, are the fol- lowing : " The Temporal Mission of the Holy Ghost " (London, 1865) ; " The Temporal Pow- er of the Pope in its Political Aspect " (1866) ; "England and Christendom" (1867); "The Fourfold Sovereignty of God" (1871); and " Sermons on Ecclesiastical Subjects " (1872). MIMING, James, an American clergyman, born in Elizabethtown, N. J., Oct. 22, 1738, died in Providence, R. L, July 29, 1791. He graduated at Princeton college in 1762, became pastor of a Baptist church at Morristown, N. J., in 1763, and soon afterward in Warren, R. L, where he opened a Latin school. In 1763, at the request of an association formed for the purpose in Philadelphia, he proposed to several influential gentlemen of the denom- ination, assembled at Newport, the organiza- tion of " a seminary of polite literature, subject