Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume X.djvu/726

 720 LUNDY'S LANE LUNGS Lundy," by Thomas Earl, was published in Philadelphia in 1847. LFflDY'S LANE, Battle of, called also that of Bridgewater or Niagara, fought in Canada near the falls of Niagara, between the British and American forces, July 25, 1814. Gen. Brown, the American commander, being encamped on the Ohippewa with 3,000 men, and learning ' that Gen. Drummond had crossed the Niagara at Queenstown to attack Fort Schlosser, sent Col. Winfield Scott with 1,200 men to make a demonstration on Queenstown. About sunset Scott suddenly came upon the British Gen. Riall, with his whole force and a battery of seven pieces, posted on an eminence at the head of Lundy's lane, 1^ m. from Niagara Falls. Though having an inferior force, Scott at once assumed a position of attack, and sent Major Jessup with a battalion to turn the British left. This movement was successful, and Riall and his staff were captured; but Scott suffered heavy loss from the fire of the battery (increased to nine guns), until Brown with the remainder of his troops arrived on the field at nightfall. Under cover^ of almost total darkness, the whole force was sent for- ward to capture the battery. When they had nearly reached the guns they were discovered, and a volley of grape drove back one regiment in disorder. The others, under Scott, pushed on steadily, fired one volley, charged with a shout, and captured the battery, driving the enemy down the hill. The British made three attempts to regain it, all of which were hand- somely repulsed. Brown and Scott were wounded, and the command devolved upon Gen. E. W. Ripley, commander of the second brigade, who was also wounded and withdrew to the camp, leaving the captured guns for want of horses to drag them off. The loss of the Americans in killed and wounded was 743 ; that.of the British 878. LUNEBURG, a town of Prussia, in the prov- ince of Hanover, on the Ilmenau, 68 m. N. N. E. of Hanover; pop. in 1871, 16,284. It has an air of antiquity, and contains a town hall (RathTiaus noted for its fine relics and works of art, and containing a library of more than 30,000 volumes. The principal church is the Johanniskirche, a structure in pure Gothic style, with a spire 380 ft. high ; it was restored in 1857. There are manufactories of sugar, salt, tobacco, &c. Vast numbers of horses are annually brought to the market. From 1267 to 1369 the town was the residence of the dukes of Ltineburg. It was a member of the Hanse union. The extensive heaths between it and Celle and Verden are known as the Luneburger Heide. LUNEL, a town of Languedoc, France, in the department of IIe"rault, on the canal of Lu- nel, which brings it into connection with the Rh6ne and the Mediterranean, 14 m. N. E. of Montpellier; pop. in 1866, 6,989. It has a communal college and numerous distille- ries. The trade in Muscat wines and raisins is very brisk. In the middle ages a large por- tion of the inhabitants were Jews, who had flourishing schools. LUNENBURG, a S. E. county of Virginia, bounded N. by the Nottoway and S. by the Meherrin river ; area, 410 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,403, of whom 6,059 were colored. The surface is generally level and the soil moder- ately fertile. The Richmond and Danville railroad skirts the N. W. part. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 38,529 bushels of wheat, 107,174 of Indian corn, 77,394 of oats, 963,673 Ibs. of tobacco, and 33,667 of butter. There were 1,109 horses, 1,487 milch cows, 2,240 other cattle, 2,639 sheep, and 5,698 swine. Capital, Lewistown. LUNENBURG, a S. E. county of Nova Scotia, Canada, bordering on the Atlantic, and watered by the La Have river and other streams ; area, 1,115 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 23,834, of whom 16,612 were of German, 3,439 of English, 1,684 of French, 987 of Irish, and 781 of Scotch origin or descent. The coast is indented by numerous bays. The climate is fine and the soil good. Farming and fishing are the chief occupations. Capital, Lunenb.urg. LIIVEVILLE, a city of Lorraine, France, in the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, on the right bank of the Meurthe, near its junction with the Vezouze, 16 m. S. E. of Nancy; pop. in 1866, 15,184. It contains the largest cavalry barracks (accommodating over 6,000 horses) and the finest riding school in France. Vast bodies of cavalry are frequently collected there in the autumn, when military exercises are practised. Under Louis XIII. it was taken from the house of Lorraine by the French. A treaty of peace was signed there Feb. 9, 1801, between the German empire and France. LUNGS, in man, as well as in quadrupeds, birds, and reptiles, the principal organs of res- piration. The lungs always consist of mem- branous sacs, contained in the interior of the body, into which the atmospheric air is intro- duced through the air passages, and .the walls of which are abundantly supplied with capil- lary blood vessels. The blood, thus brought into close relation with the atmospheric air, being separated from it only by the extreme- ly delicate and transpirable pulmonary mem- brane, absorbs oxygen in its passage through the lungs, and exhales at the same time wa- tery vapor, carbonic acid, and various animal excrernentitious substances. The ]ungs there- fore constitute an organ in which the blood is purified from its deleterious ingredients, and is also supplied with a gaseous element essential to the continuance of life. This is the object of the function of respiration. In many of the naked reptiles, or batrachians, the lungs con- sist of simple, straight, tubular sacs, communi- cating with the pharynx by a common orifice, and terminating posteriorly by rounded ex- tremities. Their internal surface is smooth, and the air, forced into them by a kind of de- glutition, suffices for the imperfect respiration