Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume X.djvu/704

 698 . LUBBOCK LttBECK ron; area, 1,996 sq. m.; pop. in 1872, 135,- 190. Its surface is mountainous, being trav- ersed by various chains and spurs of the Ce- vennes, including Mont Lozere, nearly 5,000 ft. high, from which the department derives its name. The chains divide it into three dis- tricts. The soil is poor, and the climate se- vere. Three considerable rivers, the Allier, Lot, and Tarn, have their sources in the moun- tains of this department. Manufactures and trade are of little importance. Lead, iron, an- timony, and other minerals are mined, and sheep are extensively reared. It is divided into the arrondissements of Florae, Marvejols, and Mende. Capital, Mende. LUBBOCK. I. Sir John William, an English astronomer, born in London, March 26, 1803, died in Kent, June 20, 1865. He graduated at Trinity college, Cam- bridge, in 1825, devoted his life to scientific la- bors, and published nu- merous papers in the "Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society," and in the " Philosophi- cal Transactions of the Eoyal Society." Of the latter body he was for 12 years treasurer and vice president. Of these pa- pers, an important series on the planetary and lu- nar theory have been published as a separate work under the title, " On the Theory of the Moon and on the Pertur- bations of the Planets" (8vo, 1833; 2d ed., en- larged, 1834-'6). Be- tween 1831 and 1837 he contributed to the "Phi- losophical Transactions " a number of papers on the tides in the ports of London and Liverpool, for which the royal soci- ety bestowed upon him their medal on physics, maps of the stars published by the society for the diffusion of useful knowledge, and pub- lished " Computation of Eclipses," and " Clas- sification of the different Branches of Hu- man Knowledge" (1838). In 1852 he was appointed deputy lieutenant of Kent. II. Sir John, an English physicist, son of the prece- ding, born in London, April 30, 1834. After receiving his education at Eton, he became a banker in London. He is a constant contribu- tor to the periodical publications of archaeo- logical, ethnological, geological, entomological, and similar associations. He has published " Prehistoric Times, as illustrated by Ancient Remains and the Manners and Customs of Modern Savages " (1865) ; "The Origin of Civ- ilization, and the Primitive Condition of Man " (1870); and "The Origin and Metamorphosis of Insects " (1873). He was elected to parlia- ment in 1870. LI BECK, one of the three free cities of Ger- many, situated in lat. 53 51' K, Ion. 10 41' E., on the Trave, 35 m. N". E. of Hamburg ; area of the city and its territory, which is bounded by the Baltic, Mecklenburg, Lauen- burg, Holstein, and Oldenburg, 109 sq. m. ; pop. of Liibeck proper and its suburbs in 1871, 39,743, of whom 400 were Roman Catholics, 565 Jews, and nearly all the rest Protestants; total population of the territory, 52,158. The bailiwick of Bergedorf, which Ltibeck former- ly held in common with Hamburg, was by a He also edited the Market Place, Lubeck. treaty of Aug. 8, 1867, left to the sole posses- sion of the latter. The city has a cathedral remarkable for its wood carvings and paintings by Memling, and the church of St. Mary, one of the finest pointed Gothic edifices in N. Ger- many, contains pictures by Holbein, Vandyke, and other great masters. Conspicuous among the other public buildings is the shipowners' guildhall, and particularly the town hall or Rathhaus, with the famous ancient hall of the Hansa, in which the deputies from 85 cities used to meet, and in the lower story of which the senate still assembles. The Holstein and Burg gates are also objects of architectural interest, as well as the hospital of the Holy Ghost, which is the principal of the many