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 680 LOUIS NAPOLEON LOUIS PHILIPPE and a democratic legislature, were declared elected. As to presidential electors, one board of canvassers returned that the Grant and Wil- son ticket had a majority of 14,634 ; the other board returned that the Greeley and Brown ticket had a majority of 6,492. In counting the electoral votes (February, 1873), congress threw out both returns from Louisiana and so the state cast no official vote for president. In January, 1873, both claimants for the govern- orship took the oath of office, and both legisla- tures assembled ; but Kellogg having been rec- ognized by the federal executive, active oppo- sition soon ceased. On Sept. 14, 1874, Kel- logg's opponents in New Orleans, under the lead of D. B. Penn, lieutenant governor on the McEnery ticket, rose in arms, and on the fol- lowing morning took possession of the state house, Kellogg seeking refuge in the custom house. The president, on the call of Kellogg, issued a proclamation on the 15th commanding the Penn party to disperse within five days, and troops were ordered to New Orleans. Penn accordingly disbanded his forces, and on the 19th Kellogg returned to the state ho 1 use and resumed the government. LOUIS NAPOLEON. See BONAPARTE, NAPO- LEON III. LOUIS PHILIPPE, king of the French from 1830 to 1848, born in the Palais Eoyal, Paris, Oct. 6, 1773, died at Olaremont, near London, Aug. 26, 1850. He was the son of Philippe Egalite, duke of Orleans, and of Louise de Bourbon de Penthievre. On his father's side he was descended from a brother of Louis XIV. ; on his mother's from the count of Toulouse, a natural but legitimized offspring of that monarch and Mme. de Montespan. His godfather was Louis XVI. ; his godmoth- er, Marie Antoinette. His earliest preceptor was M. de Bonnard. In 1782 he was placed under the care of Mme. de Genlis, whose opin- ions in regard to education were modelled after those of Jean Jacques Rousseau. She taught her pupils to cherish habits of hardihood and enlarged views of humanity, and he possessed a naturally philosophical and well balanced mind. In 1785, when his father became duke of Orleans, he exchanged his original title of duke of Valois for that of duke of Chartres, with the rank of a colonel in the army. Fol- lowing his father's example, and notwithstand- ing his mother's opposition, he was carried away by the enthusiasm of the revolution of 1789, and gave his solemn allegiance to its principles (Feb. 9, 1790), took an active part in the Jacobin club, was appointed comman- .dant of Valenciennes (August, 1791) and lieu- tenant general (September, 1792), and displayed much courage in several engagements, particu- larly at the battle of Valmy (Sept. 20) and at Jemmapes (Nov. 6). A temporary visit to England having brought his sister and Mme. de Genlis under the category of emigrees, they were banished from Paris ; and Louis Philippe left his post to escort them to a safe retreat in Belgium, but soon returned to aid in the bom- bardment of Venloo and Maestricht, and to take a brilliant share in the battle of Neer- winden (March 18, 1793). Dumouriez having incurred the suspicion of the convention, Louis Philippe shared his flight to Mons, and after- ward retired with his sister and Mme. de Gen- lis to Switzerland. The feeling in the conven- tion against the royal princes became in the mean time greatly exasperated. Louis Phi- lippe was considered as an accomplice in the alleged conspiracies of Dumouriez ; Marat pro- posed to offer a reward for his head; his father and the other members of his family were arrested, and on Nov. 6, 1793, his father was executed. Louis Philippe spent only a short time at Schaffhausen, and soon left Zu- rich and Zug for a refuge of greater safety, which was vouchsafed to him by a brother exile, Gen. Montesquiou, at Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau. Leaving the two ladies at the convent of St. Clara, he proceeded on foot over the Alps, accompanied by his devoted ser- vant Baudoin, at times short of money, shelter being denied to him by the monks of St. Got- hard and in several other localities. Subse- quently Montesquiou procured employment for him in a boarding school at Reichenau, in the Grisons, where he gave lessons in mathemat- ics and geography under the name of Chabaud- Latour for several months. After learning of his father's execution he returned to Brem- garten under the assumed name of Corby ; but fearing to involve his friend in difficulties, he left Switzerland for Hamburg in March, 1795. He travelled in Denmark, Sweden, Nor- way, Lapland, and Finland, returning to Ham- burg in January, 1796. On Sept. 24 he took passage on the ship America as a Danish sub- ject, and landed in Philadelphia, Oct. 21. In company with the duke de Montpensier and the count de Beaujolais, who after the re- covery of their liberty had lost no time in joining their elder brother, Louis Philippe now made the tour of the United States, visiting "Washington at Mount Vernon in 1797. The three brothers proposed to go to Spain, where their mother lived in exile, but were detained at Havana by order of the court of Madrid, and eventually compelled to return to the Uni- ted States. They sailed from New York for England, arriving there in January, 1800 ; and after several fruitless attempts to visit Spain, they took up their abode in Twickenham, near London. The duke de Montpensier died of consumption in January, 1807, and the count de Beaujolais in June, 1808. Louis Philippe now repaired to Messina, and next to the court of Ferdinand IV. at Palermo. He there made the acquaintance of Ferdinand's accomplished and pious daughter, Marie Amelie; but being induced to accompany her brother to aid the Spanish Bourbons against King Joseph Bona- parte, he was stopped at Gibraltar by order of the British government, with whose schemes the movement did not agree, and taken t<?