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 KRASS6 KKAUTH 55 indignant at the treatment of his Polish coun- trymen, and warmly espousing their cause, refused all offers of advancement in the Rus- sian service, and left the country soon after attaining his majority. From this time he led a somewhat wandering life, residing succes- sively in several European capitals, and de- voting himself to literary pursuits, at first pub- lishing anonymously, and afterward under his own name. His principal works, nearly all of which were inspired by strong patriotic feeling, and were undertaken in the interest of the Polish cause, are: Nieboska Icomedya (" The Undivine Comedy," in three parts, Paris, 1837-'48) ; Irydion, an imaginative poem in German on the sufferings and future of the Slavic race (Berlin, 1845) ; Noc letnia (" The Summer Night "), Polcusa (" The Temptation "), a collection of lyrics under the title Przedswit ("Before Dawn"), and Psalmy przysetosci ("Psalms of the Future," 5th ed., Paris, 1861). An edition of Krasinski's collected works appeared at Leipsic (3 vols., 1863), as one of the series called Biblioteka pisarzy polsMch (" Library of Polish Authors "). Owen Mere- dith's "Fool of Time" is confessedly founded upon Krasinski's Nieboska Icomedya; and the question whether the English poet was entire- ly justified in the use made of the material has given rise to some discussion. Besides French and German translations, an English rendering of the Komedya, made through a German version, was published by Mrs. Martha Walker Cook in the " Continental Magazine " (New York, 1864). KRASSO, a S. county of Hungary, in the cir- cle beyond the Theiss, bounded N. by the Ma- ros, and E. by Transylvania; area, 2,019 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 259,079, the majority of whom were Roumans and the remainder Ger- mans, Croats, and Magyars. It abounds in rich pasturage, forests, and mines. The prin- cipal places are the county town Lugos, and the market town Krasso or Krassova, from which the county has its name. KRASZEWSKI, Jozef Ignacy, a Polish author, of Lithuanian origin, born in Warsaw in 1812. He studied at the university of Wilna, and was under arrest from 1831 to 1834 on account of his revolutionary sympathies. In 1837 he married a daughter of the arch- bishop and author Woronicz, and settled in Volhynia, where he was honorary curator of schools from 1853 to 1858, when he went abroad. In 1860 he established himself in Warsaw as editor of the Gazeta polsTca, and in 1863 he removed to Dresden, where he subse- quently delivered lectures. He edited the "Polish Athenaeum," a literary periodical (18 vols., 1842-'8), and his Studya literacUe ("Lit- erary Essays," 1842), and Nowe study a literac- Me (2 vols., 1843), throw much light on let- ters and science. His principal historical works are Wilno (4 vols., 1840-'42), and Litwa (2 vols., 1847-'50), relating to Lithuanian man- ners and social life. Conspicuous among his poetical writings is Anafielas (3 vols., 1840- '43), taking its theme from the most impressive events in the early history of Lithuania. He has also published books of travel, miscella- neous writings, and sketches of the insurrec- tion of 1863. His complete works comprise more than 300 volumes, including many novels and stories descriptive of Polish life, which are his most popular productions. KRASZNA. I. An E. county of Hungary, in the circle beyond the Theiss, bounded S. E. by Transylvania ; area, 444 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 62,714, most of whom are Roumans. It is mostly mountainous, and only in the valleys suited for agriculture. Before 1860 this coun- ty belonged to Transylvania. Capital, Szilagy- Somly6. II* A market town, on the Kraszna, 5 m. S. E. of Szilagy-Somly6 ; pop. in 1870, 3,128. The inhabitants, partly Magyars and partly Roumans, trade in cattle. KRAUSE, Karl Christian Friedrich, a German philosopher, born in Eisenberg, May 6, 1781, died in Munich, Sept. 27, 1832. He was edu- cated at Jena, where he was tutor from 1802 to 1804. He then renounced teaching to de- vote himself to his philosophical studies, and resided successively in Rudolstadt, Dresden, and Berlin, made several journeys through Germany, France, and Italy, and lectured at Gottingen from 1824 to 1831, when he retired to Munich. The aim of his speculations was to represent humanity as an organic and har- monious unity ; and he conceived the scheme of an association of all mankind, which should labor for a uniform and universal develop- ment. The germ of such a union he thought he found in freemasonry. His works include Vorlesungen uber das System der Philosophic (Gottingen, 1828 ; new ed., Leipsic, 1874), and Vorlesungen i/iber die Grundwahrheiten der Wissenschaft (Gottingen, 1829). KRAUTH, Charles Porterfield, an American theologian, born in Martinsburg, Va., March 17, 1823. He is the son of the Rev. Charles Philip Krauth, former president of Pennsylva- nia college, Gettysburg. He graduated there in 1839, entered the Lutheran ministry in 1841, and was pastor successively of churches in Baltimore, Md., Winchester, Va., and Pitts- burgh, Pa. In 1852-'3 he visited the Danish West Indies, and for three months of that time, during the severe prevalence of the yel- low fever, preached in the Dutch Reformed church in St. Thomas. A sketch of his tropi- cal experiences was published afterward un- der the title " A Winter and Spring in the Da- nish West Indies." He was pastor of St. Mark's Lutheran church in Philadelphia from 1859 to 1864, and in 1861 became editor of the " Lutheran and Missionary." In 1864 he was elected professor of systematic theology and church polity in the Lutheran theological seminary in Philadelphia, and in 1868 of in- tellectual and moral philosophy in the univer- sity of Pennsylvania, of which he was elected vice provost in 1873. He has been for three