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 590 LOMZA LONDON angel, in 1711, died in St. Petersburg in April, 1765. He was the son of a fisherman. "With the aid of a priest he acquired some knowledge, and clandestinely repaired to Mos- cow, where he found ample protection and the means to complete his studies at St. Peters- burg and elsewhere. After studying mathe- matics at Marburg and mineralogy at Frei- berg, he returned to St. Petersburg, and was made an associate of the academy, professor of chemistry, and in 1760 rector of the uni- versity. He wrote works on history, rhetoric, astronomy, chemistry, and other branches of science ; but his fame rests chiefly on his po- etical writings, especially his odes, and on his grammar of the Russian language. The acad- emy of sciences of St. Petersburg published his works (6 vols., 1794; new ed. by Smirdin, 3 vols., 1847); and his biography has been written by Polevoi (2 vols., 1836). LOMZA (Pol. Lomza). I. A W. government of Russia, in the kingdom of Poland, border- ing on Prussia and the governments of Suwal- ki, Grodno, Siedlce, Warsaw, and Plock ; area, 4,401 sq. m. ; pop. in 1867, 456,429. It is wa- tered by the Bug and its affluent, the ^arew. It formerly belonged to Masovia, and a portion of the province was for some time annexed to Prussia. The principal towns are Lomza, Pultusk, and Ostrolenka. II. A town, capital of the government, on the Narew, 70 m. N. E. of Warsaw; pop. in 1867, 10,340. It has a gymnasium, a Piarist college, an arsenal, paper mills, and manufactories of leather and woollen goods. It was once a place of considerable importance, but was destroyed by the Swedes, and has never recovered its former prosperity, though the population has greatly increased within the last generation. LONDON, the metropolis of Great Britain, situated on the Thames, 60 m. W. from the sea by the course of the river to the Nore light, and 40 m. in a straight line ; lat. (of the centre of the dome of St. Paul's cathedral) 51 30' 48" K, Ion. 5' 48" W. It includes parts of the counties of Middlesex, Surrey, and Kent, extending N. and N. W. to Clapton, Highgate, and Hampstead; E. and S. E. to Bow, Barking, Plumstead, and Eltham; S. and S. W. to Sydenham, Norwood, Tooting, Wandsworth, and Fulham ; S. and W. to Ham- mersmith and Wormwood Scrubs; area, 122 sq. m. The population increased from about 50,000 in the 12th century to nearly 200,000 in the 17th. In 1801, by the first systematic census, it was 958,863; in 1821, 1,378,947; in 1841, 1,948,417; in 1861, 2,803,989; and in 1871, according to the census statistics of the metropolitan board of works, 3,266,987. The ratio of increase from 1841 to 1851 was 19'7 per 1,000 ; in 1851-'61 it declined to 17'3, and in 1861-'71 to 15 in the metropolis proper, but respectively advanced to 27'7 and to 42 in the outlying districts. The registrar's tables for 1871 give the population of the various divi- sions of the metropolis as follows : DIVISIONS. Population. PAET OF MIDDLESEX. " ! PAET OF SUBBEY. PAET OF J KENT., C West Districts. Kensington 288,153 71,089 155.936 51,161 159,254 82,281 221,465 213,778 124,951 58,556 163^491 75,983 127,164 120,104 76,573 48,052 57,690 93,152 116,876 2,286,563 j 175.049 1 122.398 208,342 125,060 111,806 742,155 100.600 51,557 78,880 225,537 Chelsea. St. George, Hanover Sq. Westminster North Districts. Marylebone Hampstead St. Pancras Islington Hackney Central Districts. St. Giles Strand Holborn London City . . East Districts. Shoreditch . Bethnal Green Whitechapel St. George in the East. . Stepney Mile End, Old Town.... Poplar South Districts. S SET }*** Lambeth Wandsworth Camberwell Greenwich . Lewisham Woolwich Total 8254260 Of the total population returned by the re- gistrar in 1871, 3,029,260 were born in Eng- land and Wales, 41,029 in Scotland, 91,171 in Ireland, 20,324 in the colonies and India, 5,170 in the islands of the British seas, and 1,205 in ships at sea. The remainder, 66,101, were foreigners, nearly half Germans, and the rest comprising almost all nationalities. The population was estimated by the registrar in the middle of 1874 at 3,400,000. The postal district covers an area of 250 sq. m. The metropolitan police district comprises many towns, villages, and parishes formerly independent, and still often spoken of as such, and extends over the whole of Middlesex (exclusive of London City, which has its own police) and the surround- ing parishes in the counties of Surrey, Kent, Essex, and Hertford, of which any part is within 12 m. of Charing Cross, and not over 15 m., embracing an area of 687 sq. m. and a population in 1871 of 3,808,360, or including the City police district 3,883,092, being one eighth of the whole population of the United King- dom, and 500,000 more than that of all Scot- land. This does not include transient resi- dents, whose number is immense at all times, and especially between May and August, when the patricians, politicians, and votaries of fashion are in town, together with many in- terested in parliamentary business. At this time London is most brilliant, the West End resembling a fashionable watering place, where distinguished people unite affairs of state with