Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume X.djvu/509

 LINDLEY LINDSAY 503 below. The white linden, T. Jieteropliylla, is more common in the southwest ; it has larger leaves, covered with a silvery down under- neath, which gives a pleasing appearance to the tree as its foliage is moved by the wind. The European linden, as has already been mentioned, differs from the American species in the arrangement of its stamens ; it is T. Europcea, and is known in nearly a dozen va- rieties; the normal form has much smaller leaves and its foliage is more dense than in our lindens; some years ago it was largely planted as a street tree in our eastern cities, in imitation of European custom, but it proved so susceptible to the attacks of insects, and ripened its foliage so early, that it is now less popular than formerly. There are red-twigged, fern-leaved, and other varieties, all of which are interesting in a large collection. The lin- dens are easily multiplied by seed, but the nurserymen resort to the more rapid process of mound layering. (See LAYERING.) LINDLEY, John, an English botanist, born at Catton, near Norwich, Feb. 5, 1799, died near London, Nov. 1, 1865. His father cultivated a large nursery garden in Catton. At an early age the son published a variety of papers and monographs on botanical subjects. About 1821 he settled in London, where for many years he was employed in writing the descrip- tive portion of London's "Encyclopaedia of Plants," published in 1829. While engaged upon this work, the arrangement of which was according to the artificial system of Linnaeus, he became a decided convert to the natural ar- rangement, and in 1830 published his " Intro- duction to the Natural System of Botany." This was followed in 1832 by his " Introduc- tion to Systematic and Physiological Botany," and " Synopsis of the British Flora," and in 1833 by his Nexus Plantarum, in which he undertook to reduce the natural orders into groups subordinate to the higher divisions. In 1846 appeared his " Vegetable Kingdom," an expansion of a work previously published un- der the title of " A Natural System of Botany," which in its turn was remodelled from the '' Introduction to the Natural System of Bot- any." The " Vegetable Kingdom " was at the time the most comprehensive work on the structure and uses of known plants yet pub- lished. Previous to the appearance of this work he published Flora Medica (8vo, 1838), in which full descriptions of the plants used in medical practice are given ; and in conjunction with Mr. Hutton " The Fossil Flora of Great Britain," which was commenced in 1831, and published in parts. He was also the author of a number of popular treatises on botany, in- cluding "Ladies' Botany," in a series of let- ters, " School Botany and Vegetable Physiol- ogy," &c. The practical aim of his studies is evinced in his " Theory and Practice of Horti- culture," " Orchard and Kitchen Garden," and contributions to the " Gardener's Chronicle," a weekly journal, of which he was the editor from 1841 till the time of his death. The last work upon which he was engaged is the " Treasury of Botany," a valuable popular bo- tanical dictionary, which was completed by Dr. M. T. Masters and his associates. He filled the chair of botany in University college, Lon- don, and lectured on his favorite science at the royal institution, and at the botanic gar- dens, Chelsea. He had entire charge of the colonial department of the international exhi- bition of 1862, and his great exertions pros- trated him both mentally and physically. He was a fellow of the royal society. LINDPAINTNER, Peter Joseph von, a German composer, born in Coblentz, Dec. 8, 1791, died at Nonnenhorn on Lake Constance, Aug. 21, 1856. He was for many years leader of the orchestra of Stuttgart, which by his efforts be- came one of the best in Germany. Among his principal works are the operas of " The Sicilian Vespers " and " The Vampire." LINDSAY, a town and the capital of Victoria co., Ontario, Canada, situated on the river Scugog, on the Midland railway, 56 m. N. E. of Toronto; pop. in 1871, 4,049. It has an extensive trade in lumber and grain, and con- tains flour and saw mills, a brewery, and manu- factories of iron castings, machinery, leather, woollens, wooden ware, extract of bark, boots and shoes, &c. There are three branch banks, several hotels, and two weekly newspapers. LINDSAY, Alexander William Crawford, earl of Crawford and Balcarres, a British author, born Oct. 16, 1812. He graduated at Trinity col- lege, Cambridge, in 1833. Having made an extensive tour in the East, he published " Let- ters from Egypt, Edom, and the Holy Land " (1838; 5th ed., with additional notes, 1858). Besides several pamphlets and minor works, he has also published " Sketches of the History of Christian Art " (3 vols., 1847) ; " The Lives of the Lindsays," a family history (3 vols., 1849) ; " (Ecumenicity in relation to the Church of England" (1870); and "Etruscan Inscriptions analyzed, translated, and com- mented upon " (1872). He succeeded his father in the peerage Dec. 15, 1869, previously to which he was known as Lord Lindsay. LINDSAY, or Lyndsay, Sir David, a Scottish poet, born at Garmylton, Haddingtonshire, about 1490, died about 1555 or 1567. He in- herited the estate of "The Mount" in Fife- shire, and is commonly called Sir David Lind- say of the Mount. In 1512 he was appointed servitor to the prince, afterward James V. He was sent upon various embassies, and in 1548 negotiated free trade in grain with Denmark. He early became distinguished for his literary and poetical ability, incurred the hatred of the clergy by his satires, was in 1547 one of those who urged Knox to receive ordination, and his name was long popular as a Protestant champion. His principal poems are "The Dreme," "Testament and Complaynt of our Soverane Lordes Papingo," " Complaynt of John the Common well," " Historie of Squyer