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 KOCH KOHL that science by a series of publications which have passed through many editions, including a complete history of mineralogy from 1650 to 1860, to form part of the Qeschichte der Wis- senchaften in Deutschland (1864), an elaborate work which was undertaken under the auspices of the late kin*g Maximilian of Bavaria. He has also published several volumes of dialect poems, which have acquired great popularity. - Several of his ancestors and relatives in Ger- many and Holland were distinguished artists. KOCH, Karl Heinrieh Emannel, a German trav- eller, born in Weimar in 1809. He studied the natural sciences and medicine at Wiirzburg and Jena, and undertook in 1836 a scientific jour- ney through the southern provinces of Russia and the Caucasus, of which he published a narrative (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1842-'3). In a second journey in 1843-'4 he extended his re- searches through Turkey and Armenia to the Caspian sea, obtaining the materials for a new work, Wanderungen im Orient (3 vols., Wei- mar, 1846-'7). On the outbreak of the eastern war, vol. iii. of the latter work was published separately under the title of Die Krim und Odessa (Leipsic, 1854; translated by Korner, London, 1855). He has also published Hortus Dendrologicus (Berlin, 1853-'4), Gartnerkunst und PflanzenpJiysiognomie (1859), and Der lotanische Garten (1860). ROCHANOWSRI, Jan, a Polish poet, born in the palatinate of Sandomir in 1532, died in Lublin in 1584. He studied in Germany, France, and Italy, and after his return to Po- land was employed by King Sigismund Augus- tus in various missions. His lyrical produc- tions in both Polish and Latin gained him the appellation of the Polish Pindar. Among his writings are a translation of the Psalms in Po- lish verse, various satires, and a drama. The editions of his works are numerous. ROCR. I. Charles Paul de, a French novelist and dramatist, born at Passy, near Paris, May 21, 1794, died in Paris, Aug. 29, 1871. The son of a Dutch banker, who had removed to France, and who died on the scaffold during the revo- lution, he was carelessly educated under his mother's supervision, and entered a banking house in the capacity of a clerk. In 1812 he printed at his own risk his first novel, IS En- fant de mafemme, which was unsuccessful. He then produced a number of melodramas, vaude- villes, and comic operas, which brought him into notice. In the mean time he published sev- eral lively but not very decent tales and novels, which increased his popularity until he became the great favorite of a large class of readers, both in France and abroad, his publications being rapidly translated. His dramatic works number over 100. Many of his novels and vaudevilles were written in part by others, and several bear his name without being his work. Prominent among his literary assistants were Boyer, Varin, Labie, and his own son. See his Memoires inedits (Paris, 1873). II. Henri de, a novelist and dramatist, son of the prece- ding, born in Paris in 1821. He writes with the same fecundity and in nearly the same style as his father. His works now number about 100, and many of them were written with the assistance of Barriere, Fournier, and Gonzalez, and of his father. ROERROER, Bernard Cornells, a Dutch land- scape painter, born in Middelburg, Oct. 11, 1803, died in Cleves, April 5, 1862. He was the son of the celebrated marine painter Jo- hannes Herman Koekkoek. At the great ex- position in Paris in 1855 he received a medal of the first class. For many years previous to his death he resided in Cleves, where he estab- lished a school of design. His brothers MARI- ANUS, ADRIAN, and HERMAN also enjoy a high reputation as painters. ROENIG, Heinrieh Joseph, a German novelist, born in Fulda, March 19, 1790, died in Wies- baden, Sept. 23, 1869. He was connected with the civil service and the diet of Hesse-Cassel till 1850. In 1860 he removed from Hanau to Wiesbaden. His principal historical novels are Die JioJie Braut (Leipsic, 1833), Die Club- listen m Mainz (1847), Die Waldenser (2d ed., 1857, under the title Hedwig die Waldenseriri), and William Shalcspeare (3d ed., 1850-'59). His works were published in 20 vols., 1854-'69. KOH-I-NOOR. See DIAMOND, vol. vi., p. 75. KOHL, Johann Oeorg, a German traveller and author, born in Bremen, April 28, 1808. He was educated at Gottingen, Heidelberg, and Munich, and after serving five years as a pri- vate tutor in Courland, a visit to St. Peters- burg and the interior of Russia afforded mate- rials for publications which were so favorably received that he decided to devote his life to travel. He visited England, Holland, Den- mark, France, Austria, Hungary, and other parts of Europe ; was in the United States and Canada in 1854-'8 ; and published volumes of travel respecting every country he visited. He also wrote some scientific treatises, as Der Verkefir der Menschen in seiner Abhangigkeit zu der Erdoberflache (1841), Der JS^m(1851), Die Donau (1853), Skizzen aus Natur- und Volkerleben (1851), and a series of essays en- titled Aus meinen Eutten (1852). Several of his works have been translated into English, among which are " Kitchi-Gami : Wanderings round Lake Superior" (London, 1857), "Trav- els in Canada and through the States of New York and Pennsylvania "{1861), and "A Pop- ular History of the Discovery of America, from Columbus to Franklin" (1862). In 1857 he contributed to the Smithsonian institution two papers on the maps and charts of America at different periods, and wrote a supplemental volume to Hakluyt's work, giving a descriptive catalogue of all the maps, charts, and surveys relating to America. Some years later he^ sent to the Maine historical society a paper giving new and important information respecting the early coast lines and the patents of the first proprietors of the Maine settlements. Among his later publications are : Geschichte