Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume X.djvu/393

 LEWIS AND CLARKE LEWISTON 387 the Greek text of the tenth book of Plato's dialogue, "The Laws," under the title "Pla- tonic Theology, or Plato against the Atheists," with critical and explanatory notes, and illus- trative dissertations, showing profound learn- ing. In 1849 he was chosen professor of Greek in Union college, where he still remains (1874), and where he has lectured on ancient philoso- phy and poetry, and given instruction in the oriental tongues. In 1855 he published " The Six Days of Creation," his best known work, maintaining on philological grounds the har- mony of the Scriptures and geology. In reply to criticisms upon this work he published " The Bible and Science " (1856). " The Divine Hu- man in the Scriptures " (1860) applies the same ideas to the whole Bible, maintaining that the language is phenomenal that it may be intel- ligible, while the thought is divine. Dr. Lewis wrote many of the articles in " Harper's Maga- zine" under the title of "The Editor's Table" for nearly five years (1851-'6), and has con- tributed largely to other periodicals, discuss- ing topics of theology, philology, and present social and political interest. He has also pub- lished "State Rights, a Photograph from the Ruins of Ancient Greece " (1864), and " Heroic Periods in a Nation's History " (1866) ; with G. B. Cheever, "Defence of Capital Punish- ment" (1845); and with E. W. Blyden and Theodore Dwight, "The People of Africa, their Character, Condition, and Future Pros- pects" (1871). He has translated Lange's commentary on Ecclesiastes, and, with Dr. Gosman, that on Genesis. He received the degree of LL. D. from Union college in 1844. LEWIS AND CLARKE, a W. central county of Montana, bounded E. by the Missouri river, and bordering on the Rocky mountains on the west; area, 1,700 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 5,040, of whom 666 were Chinese. In the south are productive gold mines. The N. portion, in- cluding the fertile valley of the Missouri, is well adapted to agriculture and grazing. In 1870 there were 57 placer and 4 quartz gold mines. The chief productions were 18,658 bushels of wheat, 11,448 of oats, 12,223 of barley, 23,210 of potatoes, 107,990 Ibs. of butter, and 4,106 tons of hay. There were 493 horses, 1,210 milch cows, and 2,063 other cattle ; 3 manufactories of boots and shoes, 1 of carriages, 1 of iron castings, 3 of jewelry, 1 of sash, doors, and blinds, 4 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 4 breweries, 3 saw mills, and 6 quartz mills. Capital, Helena. LEWISIA, an interesting plant of the portu- laca family, named in honor of Capt. Meri- wether Lewis, who collected it while on his early exploring expedition with Clarke. TLe large, thick, branching root throws up a clus- ter of narrowly linear, succulent leaves, from among which arise several short stems, each of which bears a single showy rose-colored flower, over an inch across; the six to eight sepals are petal-like, and with the rather more numerous petals give the flower the appear- ance of being double. Its season of growth lasts but a few weeks, the leaves entirely dis- appearing soon after the flowers fade. The roots are remarkably tenacious of life ; the specimens brought home by Lewis, though they had been in drying papers for several months, showed some signs of life, and when planted grew readily; on this account Pursh gave it the specific name of rediviva. It is found from the mountains of northern Ari- zona to those of Oregon, and is one of the many plants used as food by the Indians, who call it spatlum. The root has a dark-colored bark, but when this is removed the in- terior is white and starchy, and though bitter, even when cooked, it is very nutritious; on ac- count of its bit- terness the Cana- dian voyageurs call it ratine amere. One other species, L. l)r achy -calyx, is found in Utah and southward. LEWISBURG, a borough and the capital of Union co., Pennsylvania, on the W. branch of Susquehanna riv- er, here crossed by a bridge, at the mouth of Buffalo creek, 49 m. N. of Harris- burg ; pop. in 1870, 3,121. It is situated on a branch of the Philadelphia and Erie railroad, 2 m. from the main line, and has considerable trade in grain and other produce. It contains two iron founderies, two national banks, two weekly newspapers, and eight churches. The borough is the seat of Lewisburg university and University female institute, established in 1847 by the Baptists. The former in 1874 had 7 professors, 150 students (73 of collegiate grade), and a library of 5,000 volumes; the latter, 9 instructors, 116 students, and a library of 1,000 volumes. LEWIS RIVER. See SNAKE RIVEE. LEWISTON, a city of Androscoggin co., Maine, on the E. bank of the Androscoggin river, op- posite Auburn, with which it is connected by four bridges, and on the Lewiston and Andros- coggin divisions of the Maine Central railroad, and the Lewiston and Auburn branch of the Grand Trunk line, 36 m. N. of Portland, and the same distance S. W. of Augusta; pop. in 1850, 3,584; in 1860, 7,424; in 1870, 13,600, of whom 3,008 were foreigners ; in 1874, about 20,000. Its importance is chiefly due to its water privileges, which are among the best in New England, now applied to a great variety of machinery, involving large manufacturing in- terests. The river breaks over a diagonal ledge Lcwisia rediviva.