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 30 KNIGHTHOOD best scholars of the age. He next attempted poetry, and published in 1794 a didactic poem entitled "Landscape," followed by "The Pro- gress of Civil Society" (4to, 1796), "A Mono- dy on the Death of the Right Honorable 0. J. Fox " (1806-'7), and " Alfred, a Romance in Rhyme " (1823). In 1805 appeared his " Ana- lytical Inquiry into the Principles of Taste," a work characterized by refinement and acute- ness of thought, and which proved the most popular of all his publications. His edition of the Iliad and Odyssey, with prolegomena, in which he attempted to restore the digamma, and to relieve the text of the interpolations of later rhapsodists and poets, is now considered of little authority. The prefaces and descrip- tions of " Specimens of Ancient Sculpture se- lected from different Collections of Great Brit- ain by the Society of Dilettanti " (fol., 1809- '35) were also written by him. II. Thomas Andrew, brother of the preceding, a vegeta- ble physiologist, born Oct. 10, 1758, died in London, May 11, 1838. He graduated at Bal- liol college, Oxford, and subsequently devoted much time to experiments in vegetable and animal physiology. Some suggestions as to the means of propagating fruit trees, commu- nicated 'to the royal society in 1795, brought him into great repute. In 1797 he published "A Treatise on the Culture of the Apple and Pear, and on the Manufacture of Cider and Perry," in which the same subject is further developed; and in 1811, "Pomona Herefordi- ensis, or Natural History of the Old Cider and Perry Fruits of the County of Hereford." After his death appeared a collection of his horticultural papers (8vo, )and ndon, 1841). KNIGHTHOOD. See CHIVALRY. KNIPPERDOLLING, Bernhard, a German Ana- baptist, born in Miinster near the end of the 15th century, executed Jan. 23, 1536. Exiled for several years from his native town, he adopted in Sweden the doctrines of the Ana- baptists. On his return to Miinster, he united with Rothmann, John Matthias or Matthiesen, John Boccold of Leyden, and others, and be- ing wealthy was able by the favors which he granted to unite the poorer inhabitants against the rich. He was imprisoned, but released by his partisans, and succeeded in banishing the nobility, clergy, and many of the most influ- ential citizens from the city. A council was chosen in 1534, in which the Anabaptists were predominant, and they immediately filled all public offices with their adherents, made Knip- perdolling first burgomaster, and proclaimed an equality of estates, polygamy, and community of goods. All who refused to cooperate with them were driven from the city or slain. Knip- perdolling was subsequently proclaimed stadt- holder, and John of Leyden king, it being prophesied that the latter should be victorious over all the princes and princedoms of the earth. On the capture of the city by a Cath- olic army in 1535, Knipperdolling was taken KNOT prisoner, and put to death with fearful torture, which he endured with extreme inflexibility. (See ANABAPTISTS, and JOHN OF LEYDEN.) KNOBELSDORFF, Hans Georg Wenzeslans Ton, baron, a German architect, born near Kros- sen, Brandenburg, Feb. 17, 1697, died in Ber- lin, Sept. 16, 1753. He gave up a colonelcy in 1730 to study painting and architecture, be- came chief director of royal buildings in Ber- lin, and designed the Thiergarten, the opera house, and the new wings of the palaces at Charlottenburg and Dessau. His masterpiece is the palace of Sans Souci at Potsdam. KNOBLECHER, Ignaz, a German traveller, born in Carniola, July 6, 1819, died at Gon- dokoro, Africa, April 13, 1858. He was edu- cated at the Propaganda in Rome with a view to devoting himself to the African mission, and after having been ordained went to Syria, where he passed a year in the study of Arabic. Thence he removed to Khartoom on the Nile, and in 1849 was ordered to ascend that river and establish a mission among some negro tribes near the equator. Accompanied by an- other priest, Angelo Vinco, he set out, Nov. 13, with the trading party which annually goes up the Nile, and on Jan. 14, 1850, reached the rapids in lat. 4 49' N., the furthest point till then reached by any expedition. Knoblecher, however, succeeded in stemming the rapids, and on the 16th reached the village of Logwek, in lat. 4 10'. He examined the Bahr el-Gha- zal or Gazelle river, and returning to Germany published an account of his explorations. He afterward fixed his residence at Khartoom, having received the appointment of vicar gen- eral apostolic of central Africa. KNOT, the European name of a sandpiper of the genus tringa (Linn.), one of the few birds Knot. common to the old and new worlds; other names are the ash-colored, red-breasted, gray- backed, and robin snipe ; it is the T. canutus (Linn.). The length is about 10 in., the extent of wings 20, the bill 1, and the weight 6 oz. ; it is the largest of the genus in the United