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 28 KNEBEL Golden Wedding," "After Baptism," "The Juggler in the Barn," and more recently " The Coffee Hour" and "Mud Pies." Engravings of his works are especially popular among the German peasantry. KNEBEL, Karl Ludwlg TOD, a German author, born at Wallerstein, Bavaria, Nov. 30, 1744, died in Jena, Feb. 23, 1834. His family were Protestant refugees from the Netherlands. He became an officer in the regiment of the Prus- sian crown prince, and was subsequently con- nected with the court at Weimar, and with Goethe, whose confidence he enjoyed. He made excellent translations, especially of Al- fieri's "Saul," and wrote poetry. Varnhagen von Ense and Mundt edited his literary remains and correspondence (3 vols., Leipsic, 1835), the latter furnishing a biographical notice, and Guhrauer published Knebel's Briefwechsel mit Goethe (2 vols., 1851). KNEELAND, Samuel, an American naturalist, born in Boston, Aug. 1, 1821. He graduated at Harvard college in 1840, and at the medical school of the same institution in 1843, and studied in Paris till 1845. Subsequently he practised medicine in Boston, taught anatomy in the- Harvard school, was connected for two years with the Boston dispensary, was for five years secretary of the Boston natural history society, and for two years of the American academy of arts and sciences. He also ex- plored Brazil, the copper region of Lake Su- perior, and the Hawaiian islands. From 1862 to 1866 he was surgeon in the army, first under Gen. Burnside, but for most of the time serving in New Orleans and Mobile. In August, 1866, he was appointed secretary of the Massachusetts institute of technology, and professor of zoology and physiology in that institution, which posts he still holds (1875). In the summer of 1874 he visited Iceland, at the time of its millennial celebration, for the purpose of studying the volcanic phenomena of that island. He edited the " Annual of Scientific Discovery " from 1866 to 1869, wrote most of the zoological and many medical articles in the " New American Cyclopaedia " and the "American Cyclopaedia," and has contributed largely to scientific period- icals. Besides a translation of Andry's "Dis- eases of the Heart " and an edition of Smith's "History of the Human Species," he has pub- lished " The Wonders of the Yosemite Valley and of California" (Boston, 1871). KNELLER, Sir Godfrey, an English portrait painter, born in Liibeck, Germany, in 1648, died in London in October, 1723. He was in- structed in painting by Rembrandt and Ferdi- nand Bol in Amsterdam, and afterward in Rome by Carlo Maratti and Bernini, and gained some reputation in Italy, particularly in Venice, for historical compositions. He arrived in London in 1674, and, having obtained an introduction to the king through the duke of Monmouth, was permitted to paint the royal likeness. The manner in which this was executed procured him abundant employment. Upon the death KNIGHT of Sir Peter Lely he was appointed court paint- er to Charles II., an honor confirmed by each successive sovereign during the life of the artist. He was knighted by William III., and painted the beauties of his court (which are considered much inferior to Sir Peter Lely's beauties of the court of Charles II.), and was made a baro- net by George I. He painted no fewer than ten sovereigns, and an immense number of lesser celebrities. So numerous were his com- missions that he was frequently only able to finish the faces of his portraits, leaving the draperies and accessories to be painted by others. He was a covetous man, and acquired considerable wealth. His portraits possess greater value as likenesses of historical person- ages than as works of art. He is said to have left at his death 500 unfinished portraits on which he had received half the price in advance. KNIAZNIN, Franciszek Dyonizy, a Polish poet, born in Vitebsk, Oct. 4, 1750, died at Kon- skawola, near Pulawy, Aug. 25, 1807. He stud- ied at the Jesuits' college in Vitebsk, entered that order, and after its suppression repaired to Warsaw, where he eventually became secre- tary to Prince Adam Czartoryski. An unfor- tunate passion for the eldest daughter of his patron, and the tragic events which brought about the fall of his country, plunged him into melancholy, passing into derangement. His works, of which there are various collections, comprise songs, idyls, fables, several larger poems, and translations. KNIEBIS MOUNTAINS, a principal range of the N. or Lower Black Forest, traversing the borders of Wiirtemberg and Baden, opposite Alsace. They are regarded as a bulwark against France, have been the scene of engagements during the thirty years' and other wars, and con- tain the watering places of Freiersbach, Peters- thai, Griesbach, Antogast, and Rippoldsau, all belonging to the grand duchy of Baden. These have annually about 4,000 visitors. A railway was projected in 1874 across these mountains. KNIGHT, Charles, an English publisher and author, born at Windsor, March 15, 1791, died at Addlestone, Surrey, March 9, 1873. His father was a bookseller at Windsor, and he suc- ceeded to the business. His first publication, which he edited in conjunction with Mr. E. H. Locker, was "The Plain Englishman," a pe- riodical (3 vols., 1820-'22). At Windsor, in 1823, he commenced " Knight's Quarterly Magazine," and continued it in 1824 in London, whither he then removed. This work, in 3 vols. 8vo, contains the earliest literary produc- tions of Macaulay, Praed, Moultrie, and others. In 1827-' 8 he published a continuation of the "London Magazine," in which a few years earlier had appeared Carlyle's " Life of Schil- ler " and De Quincey's " Confessions of an English Opium-Eater." Soon afterward he became connected with the society for the dif- fusion of useful knowledge, as their publisher and agent, and immediately undertook a series of valuable works, under the sanction of the