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 318 LEGATE ments of the country. In the debates which followed he greatly increased his reputation. But his course in opposition to the sub-treasury project did not please his constituency, and he was defeated at the next election. He now addressed himself with more determined pur- pose than ever to his profession. He was soon employed in some cases of great magnitude, then pending in the courts of South Carolina. In the case of " Pell and Wife . the Executors of Ball," he achieved a great triumph, at once of argument and eloquence, which was every- where acknowledged. The reputation of a great lawyer could no longer be denied him. In the presidential canvass of 1840 he again took part in politics in favor of Gen. Harrison. About this time, also, he began a series of bril- liant papers in the "New York Review "on " Demosthenes," " The Athenian Democracy," "The Origin, History, and Influence of the Roman Law," &c. While thus engaged he was appointed by President Tyler attorney general of the United States. This office gave him ample employment, and sufficiently tasked his vast legal resources, but always to* the in- crease of his reputation. He gave important aid in the conduct of the Ashburton treaty, and the president confided to him the care of the state department when vacate^ by the withdrawal of Mr. Webster. Accompanying the president to Boston in June, 1843, in or- der to take part in the Bunker hill celebration of that year, he was seized so severely on the 16th with a visceral derangement that he was unable to join in the ceremonies of the next day. He was removed to the residence of his friend Mr. Ticknor, where he died. His re- mains, temporarily deposited in a vault at the Mt. Auburn cemetery, were in 1859 removed to Charleston, and interred at Magnolia ceme- tery, where a handsome monument has been raised to his memory. He was never married. A biography with selections from his writings, including reviews, orations, public despatches, and the "Diary of Brussels," was published at Charleston in 1846, in 2 vols. 8vo. His sis- ter, MARY SWINTOX BULLED, an artist, born in Charleston, S. 0., about 1800, painted a " Spanish Pointer," nearly of life size, and the " Dogs of St. Bernard." In 1849 she emigrated to Lee co., Iowa, and established at West Point an institution called " Legare college " for the liberal education of women, to the support of which she devoted herself for many years. LEGATE (Lat. legatus, one sent with a charge), in ancient Rome, the title given to an ambas- sador, or to the lieutenant of the supreme civil and military magistrate ; in ecclesiastical his- tory, the title of the representative of the pope in the government of one of his temporal prov- inces, or in his intercourse with sovereigns or with national churches. The Roman senate alone appointed ambassadors, who were gen- erally chosen from among persons of consular rank. Under the republic the dictator, consul, proconsul, and praetor chose their own legati LEGENDRE or lieutenants, subject to the approval of the senate. Under the empire, the legati Ccesaris were the lieutenants of the emperor in cer- tain provinces the administration of which was reserved to himself. The representatives of the bishop of Rome at imperial and royal courts, or in councils, or despatched for the settlement of some ecclesiastical difficulty, re- ceived the title of legati at a very early date. In the middle ages legates fell under a three- fold distinction: legati d latere or de latere, persons delegated "from the side" of the pon- tiff, who were generally cardinals ; legati missi or dati, or nuntii apostolici, " apostolic nun- cios;" and legati nati, or "legates born," a title formerly attached to certain ecclesiasti- cal dignities. The archbishops of Canterbury, Toledo, Mentz, Lyons, and Aries claimed in mediaeval times the honorary title of "legates born" of the holy see. This title has now fallen into abeyance. That of legate d latere is bestowed on a cardinal sent by the pope on a special mission to a foreign court. This title was also formerly bestowed on the gover- nors of the chief pontifical provinces, hence called legations, such as Ferrara; those not governed by cardinals being called delega- tions. At present the resident ambassadors or legates of the holy see near first-class pow- ers are called nuncios, and those at second- rate courts have the title of internuncio. Le- gates d latere in mediaeval times claimed in all cases, in the countries to which they were sent, the same power as the pope himself when present. This was limited by the council of Trent; and in modern custom legates claim power only for the special cases for which they are sent, and do not interfere with the or- dinary jurisdiction of bishops. LEGENDRE, Adricn Marie, a French mathema- tician, born in Toulouse in 1752, died near Pa- ris, Jan. 10, 1833. He evinced an early taste for mathematics, and through the influence of D'Alembert was appointed in 1774 to a chair in the military school at Paris. In 1782 he gained prizes for two remarkable papers from the academies of science at Paris and Berlin. In 1783 he succeeded D'Alembert at the French academy, and in 1787 was appointed by the government, with Cassini and Mechain, to con- nect the observatories of Greenwich and Paris by a series of triangles. He presented in 1791 a report of their joint labors, with a descrip- tion of a new instrument which he had invent- ed and successfully used for measuring angles. In 1794 he published his Elements de geometric, upon which his reputation principally rests. It has been several times printed in English, the best translation being that of Sir David Brewster. The same year he published a Me- moire sur les transcendantes elliptiques. In 1798 appeared his Essai sur les nombres, re- printed with additions in 1830, under the title of Theorie des nombres (2 vols. 8vo), and in 1805 a Nouvelle methode pour determiner Vorlite des cometes. These were followed by his Ex-