Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume X.djvu/18

 12 KINGTECHIN ine light marks the entrance, lat. 53 18 N., Ion 6 8' W. Kingstown is the mail packet station for communication with Dublin and Holyhead. Over 2,000 ships enter and leave the harbor annually. RINGTECHIff, a town of China, in the prov- ince of Kiangsi, 100 m. N. E. of Nantchang ; pop. upward of 500,000. It is an open town, con- tcaining thousands of furnaces and hundreds ot factories of porcelain, the manufacture of which centres here. These works have enjoyed the special patronage of the emperors of China tor more than 800 years. Stanislas Juhen trans- lated from the Chinese a history of the Kmg- techin manufacture of porcelain (Paris, 1856). RING WILLIAM, an E. county of Virginia, bounded N. E. by Mattapony river and S. W. by the Pamunkey ; area, 270 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,515, of whom 4,455 were colored. It has a rolling surface and a good soil. The Richmond and York River railroad passes through the S. E. part. The chief productions in 1870 were 68,256 bushels of wheat, 236,530 of Indian corn, 33,030 of oats, 17,045 jpf Irish and 8,309 of sweet potatoes, 28,850 Ibs. of to- bacco, and 37,095 of butter. There were 805 horses', 2,679 cattle, 1,083 sheep, and 3,856 swine ; 6 flour mills, and 2 saw mills. Capital, King William Court House. KINIC ACID, also called cinchonic and quinic acid, a substance obtained in combination with lime in evaporating the infusion of Peruvian bark to a solid consistence, and treating the extract with alcohol. If an aqueous decoction of cinchona bark be mixed with milk of lime until it assumes a feebly alkaline reaction, the vegetable bases and the tannic acid are precip- itated, and calcic quinate remains in the liquid ; this salt may be crystallized from the mother liquor by evaporation, and decomposed by the cautious addition of oxalic or of sulphuric acid. The kinic acid may then be obtained in crys- tals from the solution in the form of transpa- rent, colorless, rhomboidal plates. These have a sour taste, and readily dissolve in water or alcohol. Their composition is expressed by the formula HjCrHnOs. By combining the acid with cinchonia or quinine it is restored to the saline condition in which it existed in the bark, and may thus be applied in medicine in concentrated form more nearly representing the peculiar character of the bark than in the ordinary combinations of the alkaloid with sulphuric or other mineral acid, although the therapeutic advantage of such a combination is by no means proved. Kinic acid by its pres- ence serves to distinguish genuine barks. The method of testing is to boil oz. of bark with a little lime, and, after pouring off and con centrating the liquor, to commence distilling i in a retort with a mixture of half its weight o sulphuric acid and peroxide of manganese. I kinic acid is present, a volatile substance callec kinone or chinone, of yellow color and peculia odor, the vapor of which is very irritating tc the eyes, comes over with the first portions KINO nd is instantly recognized. The spurious barks L aving no kinic acid do not afford kinone. ^ It as bfen ascertained that caffeic acid also yields dnone when treated in the manner above de- cribed. Kinic acid is said to have been found n the leaves of vaccinium myrtillus. It i& onverted in the system into hippuric acid. RINREL. Johann Gottfried, a German poet and patriot, born at Oberkassel, Aug .11, 1815. The son of a clergyman, he studied theology Hid afterward philosophy, and particularly he history of art, holding professorships m jach branch at the university of Bonn (1837- 48) Implicated in the revolutionary move- ments of 1848 and 1849, he was sentenced o 20 years' imprisonment in the fortress of Spandau. In 1850 he effected his escape with he assistance of Karl Schurz and some other devoted friends, fled to England, spent some ime in the United States, and returned to London, where he engaged in teaching, lee- uring, and journalism. In 1866 he was ap- >ointed professor of the history of art at Zu- rich. He has written lyrical poems, books on the fine arts, especially on Christian art, and miscellaneous works. New editions of his >oems, in two collections, and of a number of lis stories, were published at Stuttgart in 1874. He married the divorced wife of the publisher tfathieux of Cologne, who was the daughter of Prof. Mockel, and was an accomplished musi- cian and writer on music and other subjects. She lost her life Nov. 17, 1858, by falling or throwing herself out of a window. Her post- lumous works include Hans Ibeles in London (2vols., 1860; 2d ed., 1874). RINRAJOU. See POTTO. RIMEY, a S. W. county of Texas, separated
 * rom Mexico by the Rio Grande, and drained

[>y numerous small tributaries of that river ; area, 1,400 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,204, of whom 418 were colored. There is little good land, which is confined to the valleys of the Rio Grande and a few small creeks. In 1870 it produced 17,320 bushels of Indian corn. There were 15,935 cattle and 6,518 sheep. RING (sometimes incorrectly called gum kino), a name applied to various astringent vegetable extracts. These are obtained from several distinct regions, and from trees not only of different genera but of different orders, agreeing, however, in the essential character- istic of containing a large proportion of tannic acid, with more or less resin, gum, and extrac- tive. It occurs in small fragments, or even powder, and is usually of a reddish color, with little or no odor and a bitterish astringent taste. The tannic acid which it contains is of the variety which precipitates the salts of iron a greenish black or olive color. By some chemists this kino-tannic acid is supposed to be not a distinct variety, but a combination of ordinary or gallo-tannic acid with a red coloring matter called kinoic acid. Among the principal varie- ties are the East India kino, from the ptero- carpus marsupium, a lofty leguminous tree