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 HOPE His wife, who was the daughter of Lord Decies, archbishop of Tuam, was of remarkable beauty, and was remarried after his death to Viscount Beresford. She died in 1851. His eldest son, HENEY THOMAS HOPE of Deepdene (died 1862)' was a well known conservative politician, and was M. P. for Gloucester. II. Alexander James Beresford Beresford-Hope, son of the preceding, born in 1820. He assumed his mother's name Beresford by royal license in 1854. He was a member of parliament for Maidstone from 1841 to 1852, and was reelected in 1857. In 1865 he was elected for Stoke-upon Trent, and in 1868 for the university of Cambridge, for which he was reelected in 1874. In 1865-'7 he was president of the royal institute of British architects. He is the author of "Essays" (London, 1844), " Letters on Church Matters, by D. C. L.," "The English Cathedral of the Nineteenth Century," and numerous pamphlets and articles ; and is celebrated for his munifi- cent restoration and endowment of St. Augus- tine's abbey, Canterbury, as a church of Eng- land missionary college. HOPE, Thomas Charles, a Scottish chemist, born in Edinburgh, July 21, 1766, died there, June 13, 1844. His father, Dr. John Hope, was professor of botany in the university of Edin- burgh. In 1787 the son was appointed to the chemical chair in the university of Glasgow. About the same time he became a convert to Lavoisier's theory of combustion and oxygena- tion, and was the first British chemist who pub- licly taught it. In 1795 he became assistant to Dr. Black, professor of chemistry at Edinburgh, upon whose death in 1799 he succeeded to the chair, which he filled until the end of the ses- sion of 1843. As a teacher and lecturer he had few equals. His principal discovery was the presence of a new earth, named by him strontites, in a mineral found in the strontian lead mines in Argyleshire. HOPE AND COMPANY, a firm of Amsterdam bankers, established in the 17th century by Henry Hope, a Scottish gentleman. One of the leading members of the house in the early part of this century, when it was in the zenith of its prosperity, was Henry Hope, who was born in the United States, the son of a Scot- tish loyalist who had settled in Boston. This Henry Hope lived some time in Quincy, Mass., and was a poor youth when he emigrated from that place to England in the latter part of the 18th century. Mr. John Williams, an English- man, who married his niece, and who assumed the name of John Williams Hope, and after- ward that of John Hope, was the manager of the establishment. Among the silent partners were Adrian Hope, Henry Philip Hope, and Thomas Hope, the author of " Anastasius." The ablest active partner was Peter Caesar La- bouchere, who entered the house in the capacity of a clerk, and who married in 1796 a daughter of Sir Francis Baring. The relationship with the Baring family was continued by his son, the late Lord Taunton, whose first wife was HOPKINS 811 a daughter of Sir Thomas Baring. In concert with the house of Baring, the Hopes negotiated the great loan with France after the with- drawal of the allied armies, and several other loans. The governments with which the house of Hope entertain the most intimate financial relations are those of Holland and Russia. The Hope certificates, as the stocks are called, which the Russian government gave to the Dutch bankers in acknowledgment of its debt amount to about $25,000,000. A splendid villa built in 1782 for one of the Hopes near Haarlem, at a cost of $200,000, was purchased by Louis Bonaparte, and now belongs to the Orange dynasty. The present representative of the family is Adrian Elias Hope, lorn April 8, 1845, the son of Adrian John Hope. HOPKINS. I. A N. E. county of Texas, bounded N. by the S. fork of Sulphur river, and drained by White Oak bayou and Lake fork of the Sabine ; area, about 800 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 12,651, of whom 1,620 were colored. About half of it is timbered and half prairie land. The chief productions in 1870 were 340,676 bushels of Indian corn, 44,872 of sweet potatoes, 22,549 Ibs. of wool, 108,884 of butter, and 5,417 bales of cotton. There were 6,210 horses, 6,381 milch cows, 1,571 working oxen, 14,916 other cattle, 10,675 sheep, and 23,747 swine. Capital, Sulphur Springs. II. A W. county of Kentucky, bounded N. E. by Green river, E. by Pond river, and S. W. by Trade- water creek; area, 474 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 13,827, of whom 1,869 were colored. It has a fertile soil and an uneven surface, diversified by hills which contain iron ore. Anthracite coal is also found. The St. Louis and South- eastern and the Elizabethtown and Paducah railroads pass through it. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 25,506 bushels of wheat, 464,879 of Indian corn, 48,240 of oats, 3,012,053 Ibs. of tobacco, 24,849 of wool, and 114,798 of butter. There were 3,511 horses, 1,428 mules and asses, 6,554 cattle, 14,619 sheep, and 22,892 swine. Capital, Madisonville. HOPKINS, Edward, governor of the colony of Connecticut, born in Shrewsbury, England, in 1600, died in London in March, 1657. He was a prominent merchant of London, and came to Boston in 1637, but soon after removed to Hartford, where he was chosen a magistrate in 1639, and governor of the colony every other year from 1640 to 1654, alternating with Haynes. He aided in forming the union of the New England colonies in 1643. On the death of his elder brother he went back to England, and became warden of the English fleet, com- missioner of the admiralty and navy, and mem- ber of parliament. But he never lost his in- terest in the colonies, and at his death be- queathed much of his estate to New England, giving 1,000 for the support of grammar schools in Hartford and New Haven, which are still kept up, and 500 which was assigned to Harvard college and the grammar school at Cambridge.