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 808 HOOPER HOP to swear obedience to the metropolitan, and declaiming violently from the pulpit against the habits, the ordinal, and the council, he was imprisoned in the Fleet, Jan. 27, 1551. After two months' confinement his objections were overcome. Fourteen months later he received the bishopric of Worcester in commendam, in addition to that of Gloucester. On the acces- sion of Queen Mary he was one of the first to suffer. He was deprived of his see, and in July, 1553, was cast into the Fleet prison. On Jan. 28, 1555, he was summoned with five other reformed clergymen before a spiritual court over which Gardiner presided. One of the prisoners recanted ; one begged for time ; Hooper, Rogers, Saunders, and Taylor replied that their consciences forbade them to sub- scribe to the doctrines established by law, and they were consequently excommunicated and condemned to the stake. Hooper met his fate with firmness. A collection of his works in 2 vols. 8vo was issued by the Parker society in 1843 and 1852. HOOPER, William, one of the signers of the American Declaration of Independence, born in Boston, June 17, 1742, died in Hillsborough, N. C., in October, 1790. He graduated at Harvard college in 1760, studied law with James Otis in Boston, and removed to Wil- mington, N. 0., in 1767, where he soon rose to eminence. He was delegated to the conti- nental congress in 1775, and was till his death a leader in the councils of North Carolina. HOOPING COUGH. See WHOOPING COUGH. HOOPOE, a tenuirostral bird of the order pas- seres and family upupidce. The family includes the subfamilies upupince or hoopoes, and epi- mnchincB or plumed birds of New Zealand and Australia; the former comprise the genera upupa (Linn.), irrisor (Less.) of Africa, and falculia (Geoffr.) of Madagascar. The genus upupa is characterized by a long, slender, slightly curved bill, with acute tip ; wings long and rounded, the fourth and fifth quills equal and longest ; tail long, broad, and even ; tarsi shorter than middle toe and strong, and toes moderate. About half a dozen species are de- scribed in Europe, Asia, and Africa ; they are migratory, preferring moist places on the bor- der of woods; their food consists of insects, worms, and caterpillars, which they seek on the ground and among the foliage ; their flight is very undulating, and on this their principal safety from birds of prey depends ; the nest is made in the holes of trees and crevices of rocks, and is composed of dried grasses lined with softer materials ; the eggs are four or five in number. These birds sometimes congregate in small flocks. The tenuirostral tribe, which includes the humming and sun birds, the birds of paradise, the honey suckers, and other bril- liant species, belongs almost entirely to tropi- cal climates. The hoopoe, however (U. epops, Linn.), is found even in northern Europe, whither it comes in summer from Asia and northern Africa. The bird is about the size of a thrush ; the head, neck, back, and breast are reddish gray, with tints of vinous purple, sha- ding into pure white on the belly and vent, where the centre of the feathers is dashed with dark brown ; the rump is white ; the wings black, when closed exhibiting five white bands ; Hoopoe (Upupa epops). tail black, with an angular white band across the centre, and the outer feather narrowly edged with the same ; there is an ample crest of erectile feathers, of an orange brown color of varying intensity, nearly white at the end, with a terminal oval black spot. The female is less bright, and her crest is smaller. It is a handsome and sprightly bird, and useful in de- stroying larvae and insects. HOORN, a town of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland, on a bay of the Zuyder Zee, 21 m. N. N. E. of Amsterdam ; pop. in 1868, 9,503. It has 10 churches, a Latin school, a school of design, a house of correc- tion, considerable navigation, and manufac- tories of gold and silver ware. A brisk trade is carried on in corn, cattle, cheese, and butter. The former fortifications have been converted into promenades. HOORNE. See HORN, PHILIP. HOOSAC TUNNEL. See TUNNEL. HOP (Ger. Hopferi), humulus lupulus, a plant which with canndbis, the hemp, com- poses the order canndbinece ; this is by some botanists regarded as a suborder of the nettle family, the urticacece. The plant is dioecious ; the flowers are apetalous ; the staminate ones have five sepals and as many stamens; they are in loose axillary panicles ; the fertile flowers are in short catkins of leafy scales, each of which has two flowers; calyx of a single sepal embracing the ovary, which has a style with two stigmas, and in ripening becomes a one- seeded fruit or achene. In maturing, the scales of the catkin increase much in size and form a membranaceous cone or strobile ; they