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 806 HOOKER in the action on Lookout mountain, for which he was made brevet major general. Subse- quently, in command of the 20th army corps, styled the army of the Cumberland, he was prominent in the operations about Atlanta. He resigned the command of this corps in August, 1864, in consequence of a question of rank. In September he was placed in command of the Northern department, in 1865 of the depart- ment of the East, and in 1866 of that of the Lakes. He was mustered out of the volunteer service Sept. 1, 1866, and on Oct. 15, 1868, was made brevet major general of the United States army and retired from the service. HOOKER, Joseph Dalton, an English botanist, son of Sir William Jackson Hooker, born in Glasgow in 1817. Having taken his degree in medicine, he devoted himself especially to botany. In 1839 he went as assistant surgeon on Sir James 0. Ross's antarctic expedition, and in 1847 set out on a botanical exploration to the regions of the Himalaya mountains. In 1855, having previously served as botanist in the geological survey, he became assistant to his father, whom he succeeded in 1865 as direc- tor of the Kew gardens. In 1868 he presided over the meeting of the British association for the advancement of science. In 1867 he vis- ited Morocco, and in company with Mr. Ball ascended several of the peaks of the Atlas chain ; and in 1871, also in company with Mr. Ball, ascended the Jebel Tezah, one of the sum- mits, more than 11,000 ft. high, which no Eu- ropean had before ascended. In 1873 he was elected president of the royal society. His principal works are: "Flora Antarctica" (2 vols., London, 1845-'8) ; " Rhododendrons of the Sikkim Himalaya" (1849-'51) ; "Hima- layan Journals" (2 vols., 1854); "Flora of New Zealand " (2 vols., 1853-'5) ; "Flora Tas- maniae " (1855 et seq.) ; and " The Student's Flora of the British Islands " (1870). He has also published, with the cooperation of George Bentham, "Genera Plantarum" (vol. i., 1867; vol. ii., part i., 1873). HOOKER, Richard, an English divine, born at Heavytree, near Exeter, in 1553 or 1554, died at Bishopsbourne, near Canterbury, Nov. 2, 1600. He became a scholar of Corpus Christi college, Oxford, in 1573, and a fellow and mas- ter of arts in 1577, was made deputy professor of Hebrew in 1579, was expelled from this of- fice after three months with four other fellows of his college, but was immediately restored, and received holy orders in 1581. Being ap- pointed to preach a sermon at St. Paul's cross, London, he lodged at the Shunamite's house, a dwelling appropriated to preachers, and was skilfully persuaded by the landlady " that it was best for him to have a wife that might prove a nurse to him, such an one as might prolong his life, and make it more comfortable, and such an one as she could and would pro- vide for him if he thought fit to marry." The unsuspecting young divine agreed to abide by her choice, which fell upon her own daughter, who proved to be, as Anthony Wood says, a " silly, clownish woman, and withal a mere Xantippe." Resigning his fellowship by his marriage, he was presented in 1584 to the liv- ing of Drayton-Beauchamp, Buckinghamshire. There he was visited by two of his former pu- pils, Edwin Sandys and George Cranmer, who found him reading Horace while tending the sheep in the field, his servant having gone to aid Mrs. Hooker in the household labors. On go- ing with them to the house, he was called to rock the cradle, and the lady gave such other samples of hospitality as made them glad to de- part on the following morning. To their ex- pressions of commiseration Hooker replied: " If saints have usually a double share of the miseries of this life, I, that am none, ought not to repine at what my wise Creator hath ap- pointed for me ; but labor, as indeed I do daily, to submit to his will and possess my soul in pa- tience and peace." Sandys made an appeal to his father, the archbishop of York, in behalf of his former tutor, who was promoted to the mastership of the Temple in London in 1585. The morning and afternoon lectureship belong- ed respectively to him and to Walter Travers, the one inclining to the Arminian view and maintaining the Anglican form of government, the other maintaining Calvinistic opinions and inclining to the Presbyterian form ; and it was soon observed that " the forenoon sermons spoke Canterbury, and the afternoon Geneva." A controversy arose which was the occasion of Hooker's great work on " Ecclesiastical Polity." Archbishop Whitgift prohibited the preaching of Travers, who appealed unsuccessfully to the privy council, and published his memorial, which, though answered by his opponent, gain- ed for him many powerful adherents. "To unbeguile and win over those of Mr. Travers's judgment, Hooker designed to write a sober deliberate treatise of the church's power to make canons for the use of ceremonies, and by law to impose an obedience to them as upon her children." To secure the requisite quiet, he requested to be translated to some country parsonage, and received in 1591 the rectory of Boscombe, Wiltshire, where he completed the first four books of the "Ecclesiastical Polity" (London, 1594). In the following year he was presented to the rectory of Bishopsbourne, Kent, where he passed the remainder of his life. The last four books were published at in- tervals, three of them posthumously, and the eight books were probably first collected in 1662, although some contend that all were pub- lished together as early as 1617. The sixth book is lost, that which passes for it having been proved to be a totally different produc- tion, and the eighth book seems to have been left incomplete. His life was written by Izaak Walton. The latest edition of his works was arranged by the Rev. John Keble (3d ed., 3 vols., Oxford, 1845). HOOKER, Thomas, one of the founders of tho colony of Connecticut, born in Markfield, Lei- 1