Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/793

 I HOLYOKE for man to be depraved or poor," and professes to furnish for those who cannot accept Chris- tianity a rule of conduct, drawn from the wis- dom of science and experience, which shall en- able them to live purely, act nobly, and deserve another life (if there be one) by the unfaltering pursuit of duty in this. Holyoake was under ar- rest for some time on a charge of atheism, and is said to have been the last person committed for that offence. He was indicted for publish- ing unstamped papers, and had incurred fines to an immense amount when the duty was re- pealed in 1855. His "History of Cooperation (2 vols., London) was published in 1874. HOLYOKE, a city of Hampden co., Massachu- setts, on the W. bank of the Connecticut river, 7 m. N. of Springfield and 80 m. W. by S. of Boston; pop. in 1850, 3,245; in 1860, 4,997; in 1870, 10,733, of whom 5,490 were foreign- ers. It is regularly laid out on high ground, is divided into seven wards, and is lighted with gas and supplied with water from Ashley pond. The Connecticut River railroad and a branch of the New Haven and Northampton line pass through the city. Its prosperity dates from the construction in 1849 by the Hadley Falls company, now the Holyoke water power com- pany, of a dam across the Connecticut, which here falls 60 ft. in three fourths of a mile. (See DAM.) The principal manufactures are of cot- ton and woollen goods and of paper, the latter being the most important. There are 16 pa- per mills, with capacity for 50 tons a day, of which 8 manufacture writing paper and the rest collar, blotting, and wrapping paper; 7 cotton mills, with 136,000 spindles, producing spool cotton, twine, thread, yarn, cottonades, ginghams, dress goods, sheetings, shirtings, drills, lawns, &c. ; and 6 woollen mills with 29 sets of machinery, manufacturing beavers, cassimeres, doeskins, and horse blankets. There are also a shoddy mill, a manufactory of flocks, two machine shops, a screw mill, a flour mill, three lumber mills, and two national banks with a capital of $400,000. The assessed value of property in 1873 was $8,578,192. The city has 31 public schools, having 44 teachers and an average attendance of 1,221 pupils in 1872; a weekly newspaper, and 8 churches. Holyoke was originally a part of Springfield. It was incorporated as a part of West Springfield in 1786, receiving the name of Ireland parish, and became a separate town in 1850. It received a city charter in 1873. HOLYOKE, Edward Angnstns, an American centenarian, born in Essex co., Mass., Aug. 1, 1728, died in Salem, Mass., March 31, 1829. He graduated at Harvard college, of which his father, Edward Holyoke, was president, in 1746, and began to practise as a physician at Salem in 1749. At his death he had practised in Salem for 79 years, and had never been 50 miles from that city. He was married in 1755, and a second time in 1759, and was the father of 12 children, only two of whom survived He was the first president of the Mas- HOLY SPIRIT PLANT 775 sachusetts medical society. He was temperate m his diet, eating freely of fruit ; was accus- tomed to walk in his professional practice until his 80th year ; and regarded his constant care to have a full proportion of sleep as one of the causes of his longevity. At 80 years of age he had lost his teeth, and his hearing and mem- ory had begun to fail. Between the ages of 45 and 85 his sight required the aid of convex glasses; it gradually improved afterward, till at his death he could read the finest print with his naked eyes. On his 100th birthday about 50 physicians of Boston and Salem gave him a public dinner, when he appeared at the table with a firm step, smoked his pipe, and gave an appropriate toast. A memoir of his life was published by the Essex medical society. HOLYROOD PALAGE. See EDINBURGH. HOLY SPIRIT PLANT, a name which, as well as dove plant, has been given to a Central American orchid, peristeria elata, which has Holy Spirit or Dove Plant (Peristeria ekta). large, green, egg-shaped pseudo-bulbs, strongly ribbed leaves 3 ft. or more long, and a flower stem 5 or 6 ft. high, which bears upon its upper portion numerous, nearly globose, white, fra- grant flowers. The structure of the flowers in the orchids is quite unlike that with which most persons are familiar; it is sufficient to say here that the stamen or stamens and pistil are curiously united into what is called the column, and refer the reader to OECHIDS for further description. In many of this family the petals and sepals present the most grotesque and irregular forms, often simulating the ap- pearance of insects; in peristeria, however, envelopes of the flower are unusually regular and form an almost spherical case of alabaster whiteness, within which is enclosed delicate little bird with outspread wings. The column in this plant bears so strong a re- semblance to a bird as to require scarcely any effort of the fancy to make it appear like a