Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/786

 768 HOLLOWAY HOLLY which the Hollis professorship of divinity was constituted. He was himself a Baptist, and the candidate for the professorship was re- quired to be of "sound or orthodox principles." In 1727 he established also a professorship of mathematics and philosophy, and the net pro- duce of his donations amounted at that time to 4,900. He also gave books for the library, and secured from a friend a set of Hebrew and Greek types for printing. His memoirs were published by Thomas Brand Hollis (2 vols. 4to, London, 1780). His nephew, Thomas Hollis, also gave money, books, and philosophical ap- paratus, and left a son, the third Thomas Hollis (died in 1774), an antiquary, whose donations to the college amounted to nearly 2,000. HOLLOWAY, Thomas, an English engraver, born in London in 1748, died at Coltishall, near Norwich, in 1827. He was apprenticed to a seal engraver, and became known by his plates illustrating Dr. Hunter's translation of " Lavater's Essays on Physiognomy " (5 vols., 1792, with about 700 plates), and by similar works, the most celebrated of which, on ac- count of their elaborate execution, are his engravings of the cartoons of Raphael. A memoir of his life was published in 1827. HOLLY, the common name of several ever- green species of ilex, of the order aquifolia- cecB. They have small axillary flowers, which when perfect are inclined to be solitary, but when sterile are in small clusters ; these have a four-toothed calyx and as many petals, which are separate cr only united at the base ; sta- mens four ; fruit a berry-like drupe containing four nutlets. The American holly, ilex opaca, American Holly (Ilex opaca). is found along the Atlantic coast from Maine southward, it being especially abundant in Vir- ginia and the states south of it ; as seen at the north, it is a low tree, but in a favorable cli- mate it attains a height of 30 or 40 ft. ; the erect trunk is clothed with an ashy-gray bark, and the branches spread horizontally ; the short-petioled leaves are oval in outline, with scattered spiny teeth, very thick and leathery, deep green above, and yellowish green beneath. This was formerly supposed to be identical with the European holly, but that has more European Holly (Ilex aquifolium). glossy leaves with much more conspicuous spines, brighter scarlet berries, and the nutlets more strongly veined. It is much more hardy than the European, which will not endure the climate of New York city with certainty, but it is not often seen in cultivation. There is no difficulty in removing small plants from thoir native localities, if the top be so far cut back as to remove all the foliage ; new shoots will start in abundance if the tree be treated in this manner, but if removed with all its foliage suc- cess is very doubtful. The uses of our species are the same as those of the European holly, /. aquifolium, which has long been a favorite in Great Britain as a hedge plant and for the or- namental character of single specimens. It is especially abundant in the south of Europe, but is not found in the northern portions, it not being hardy even in the north of Scotland. It is a very long-lived tree, some specimens having been estimated to be 800 and 1,200 years old. There are numerous varieties. Some of the green ones have the leaves entire- ly without spines, while others, such as the hedgehog holly, have them developed to a re- markable degree; there are several in which the foliage is beautifully margined or blotched with pure white or yellow, some of which are among the finest ornamental plants. There are also yellow- and white-fruited varieties. As specimen plants, the hollies are pruned in a pyramidal form, making a cone of dense green, with its base close to the ground, or they are made to assume the form of a tree with a clean trunk 3 ft. or more high. The variegated hoi' lies are so fine that some American amateurs cultivate them in large pots or tubs, which are