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 moi 3 HOLINSHED ns of his father. lie was afterward in the ice of a trainer of race horses at New- market, then a schoolmaster, and then an ac- tor, but soon abandoned the stage, as he met with little success. The most popular of his dramatic compositions is " The Koad to Kuin " (1792). At the time of the French revolution he incurred the suspicions of government as a member of the society for constitutional in- formation, and with Home Tooke, Hardy, Thel- wall, and others, was in 1794 indicted for high treason. Some of the accusers were acquitted, and Holcroft was discharged with others, with- out being brought to trial. He wrote about 30 plays and four novels, published translations of Lavater's "Physiognomy" and the works of Frederick the Great, and " Travels in France and Germany " (2 vols. 4to, 1806). His " Me- moirs," written by himself and edited by Haz- were published in 1816, in 3 vols. 12rno. HOLIXSIIEl), Holingshed, or Hollynshed, Raphael, English chronicler, born in the first half of the 16th century, died about 1580. He prob- ably received a university education, and is supposed to have taken orders. Little else is known of his life. Of the "Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland" (2 vols. fol., London, 1577), his share comprises the his- tories of England and Scotland, the latter be- ing for the most part a translation from the Latin of Hector Boethius. The other portions were done by Stow, Harrison, Hooker, and others. The second edition containing mat- ter added by Thynne, which was offensive to Queen Elizabeth, means were taken to sup- press certain sheets in that edition, which were restored in that of 1807. Shakespeare was largely indebted to Holinshed, whole pages in "Macbeth," and the character of Wolsey in "Henry VIII.," being almost word for word ,ken from the " Chronicles." HOLLAND. I. A division of the Netherlands, prising the present provinces of North and South Holland, which in the middle ages suc- cessively formed a part of the Frankish em- pire, of Lorraine, and of the German empire, being governed by counts, of whom those of Vlaardingen rose to considerable power. This line became extinct in 1299, and the land was inherited by the counts of Hainaut. In the middle of the 14th century arose a dispute between Margaret, wife of the emperor Louis the Bavarian, who had inherited the county after the death of her brother Count William IV., and her son William V., which threw it into long continued conflicts between two par- ties who took the names of Hoeks (hooks) and Kabeljaauws (codfish). Finally, in 1480, the county was annexed to Burgundy. (See BUR- GUNDY, and NETHERLANDS.) The kingdom of Holland, under the rule of Louis Bonaparte, from 1806 to 1810, included nearly all the ter- ritory of the present kingdom of the Nether- lands, together with part of the former king- dom of Hanover and the duchy of Oldenburg. II. North, a province of the kingdom of the HOLLAND 765 Netherlands, bounded W. and N. by the North sea, E. by the Zuyder Zee, and S. by Utrecht and South Holland; area, 1,054 sq. m. ; pop. in 1872, 602,539. The islands of Terschellin- Vlieland, and Texel, in the North sea, and Wieringen, Marken, and a few smaller ones, in the Zuyder Zee, belong to it. The surface is flat, increasing in depression toward the north, and the districts of Waterland, Kennemerland, and Purmerland are partially below the level of the sea. Expensive dikes extend along the whole coast of the North sea, and for about 100 m. on the coast of the Zuyder Zee. Haar- lem lake has been closed and drained. ' (See DRAINAGE, and HAARLEM MEEK.) The river Y penetrates far into the land, which is crossed by numerous small rivers, and drained by a still larger number of canals. The climate is damp, changeable, and cool. Flowers are cul- tivated, especially about Haarlem. Hemp, flax, and madder are raised. Wood is scarce ; the pasturage is excellent, and horses, cattle, and swine abound. There are important manu- factures of linen, paper, woollen cloths, silks, carpets, leather, sugar, &c. Capital, Amster- dam. III. South, a province of the Nether- lands, bounded W. by the North sea, N. by North Holland, E. by Utrecht and Gelderland, and S. by the Maas and its mouths; area, 1,155 sq. m. ; pop. in 1872, 710,753. The isl- ands of Ysselmonde, Voorne, Beijerland, and Overflakkee form part of its territory. The general character of the province resembles that of North Holland. There are numerous canals, rich pasture lands, and fertile fields. Portions of the Bies-Bosch, a shallow marshy lake formed by the inundation of 1421, have of late been reclaimed, and converted into mea- dow land. Capital, the Hague. HOLLAND, Sir Henry, an English physician, born at Knutsford, Oct. 27, 1788, died in Lon- don, Oct. 28, 1873. He studied at the univer- sity of Glasgow, where in 1805 he gained the prize for English verse. In 1811 he took his degree of M. D. at the university of Edinburgh, and then travelled for two years in Greece and the Ionian islands, publishing an account of his travels in 1815. Subsequently he established himself in London, and in 1828 was elected a fellow of the royal college of physicians. In 1834 he married, as his second wife, Saba, a daughter of Sydney Smith, who published a life of her father in 1855, and died in 1866. In 1852 he became physician in ordinary to the queen, and in 1853 was made a baronet. Du- ring many years he was accustomed to make an annual trip of two months to foreign coun- tries. He visited the United States several times, and there were few public men in Eu- rope or America with whom he was not per- sonally acquainted. He contributed largely to periodicals, and published several works, the most important of which are : " Medical Notes and Eeflections " (1839) ; " Chapters on Mental Physiology " (1852) ; " Essays on Scientific and other Subjects " (1862) ; and " Recollections of