Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/780

 762 HOHENZOLLERN of Biiren, one of the ancestors of the family. His son, known as Frederick of Staufen, was a stanch adherent of the emperor Henry IV. during his long struggles with the see of Rome and various rivals in Germany, and after the battle of Merseburg received the hand of his daughter Agnes, and the duchy of Swabia. This sudden elevation of the house, which from another possession in Swabia, Waiblingen, was also called Ghibelline, was the origin of its long struggle with the mighty rival family of the Guelphs. Of Frederick's two sons, Frederick II., the One-eyed, was confirmed by Henry V., the son and successor of Henry IV., in the possession of Swabia, while Conrad re- ceived Franconia. After the death of Henry, Conrad and Lothaire of Saxony appeared as competitors for the imperial dignity, and the great power of the Hohenstaufen was the chief cause of the success of Lothaire ; but after his death (1137), Conrad, who had waged a long war against the emperor, the pope, and the Guelphs, ascended the throne of Germany as the third of that name. His nephew Frederick Barbarossa became his successor (1152- '90), and was succeed- ed by his son Henry VI. (died 1197). The son of the latter, Fred- erick, a child of two years, was not ac- knowledged as suc- cessor; and his un- cle Philip, too, had to struggle against ri- vals, and was finally slain by Otho of Wit- telsbach (1208). But soon after the young Frederick II. (1212- '50) rose in defence of his rights, and waged a gallant struggle against his enemies in Germany, as well as in Italy, where he had inherited from his mother Constance the Norman possessions. His son Conrad IV. died early in Italy (1254), where all the remaining male inheritors of the name of Hohenstaufen soon after perished in their strug- gle against Rome and the house of Anjou : Manfred, a son of Frederick II., in the battle of Benevento in 1266; Conradin, the young son of Conrad IV., on the scaffold at Naples in 1268 ; and Enzio, a natural son of Frederick, and the sons of Manfred, in prison. The pos- sessions of the house were divided among va- rious families, and now belong to Baden, Wiir- temberg, and Bavaria. The principal work on the history of the family is Raumer's OescJiichte der Hohenstaufen und ihrer Zeit (4th ed., 6- vols., Leipsic, 1871). HOHENZOLLERN, a territory of S. W. Ger- many, since March 12, 1850, an administrative division of Prussia, but which previous to that date formed two small independent principali- ties of the Germanic confederation under the names of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Hohen- zollern-Sigmaringen, Hechingen and Sigmarin- gen being the capitals. The territory forms a long and narrow strip of land, surrounded by Wurtemberg, except on the S. W., where it is bounded by Baden ; area, about 440 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 65,558. It is watered by the Neck- ar and some of its affluents, and by the Danube, which crosses it. Its mountains belong to the Rauhe Alps. Agriculture, cattle raising, and the manufacture of wooden ware are the chief occupations of the inhabitants. The Roman Catholic is the predominant religion. H01IENZOLLERN, or Zollern, a princely family of Germany to which belongs the royal house of Prussia. The name is derived from the cas- tle of Hohenzollern, in the district of Sigmarin- gen, on the Zollerberg, a mountain of the Alps, about 2,850 ft. above the sea. Count Thassilo, about 800, is the remotest ancestor named, but Castle of Hohenzollern. the family name does not appear before the llth century. The house was divided in 1226 into two branches. The Frankish branch acquired new possessions in almost every generation. Frederick V. (died 1398) was the first to bear the title of prince, which was given him by the emperor Charles IV. After several divi- sions the entire estate fell to Frederick VI. (died 1440), who in 1415 received from the emperor Sigisnmnd the electorate of Branden- burg, and called himself as such Frederick I. His llth successor, Frederick III., became the first king of Prussia as Frederick I. (1701). The Swabian branch failed to gain distinction before the 16th century. Count Eitel Frederick IV. (died 1512) obtained from the emperor Maximilian I. the domain of Haigerloch in ex- change for the Swiss county of Razuns, which he had acquired by marriage. His grandson