Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/734

 T16 HICKORY HICKS and form, and is abundant, but of a disagree- able taste. The small-fruited hickory (0. mi- crocarpa, Nutt.) grows in the moist woodlands of New York and southward, and its trunk rises to the height of 60 or 80 ft. ; its fruit is small, but eatable. The mocker-nut hickory Hickory. 1. Shell Bark. 2. Mockernut. (C". tomentosa, Nutt.) is a fine stately tree of slow growth, with an erect trunk, forming at the summit a graceful pyramidal head of a few moderate-sized branches. The large round buds readily distinguish it from the next spe- cies. It is sometimes called white-heart hick- ory, although the wood in the old trees does Mockernut (Carya tomentosa). not differ in color from that of the other kinds. The nut varies greatly in the thickness of the shell and in form; one variety is called the square nut; the kernel is sweet, but is very difficult to extract, a fact which is sup- posed to have given the name mocker-nut. The variety maxima (Nutt.) bears "fruit as large as an apple," with a very thick husk. The shell-bark or shag-bark hickory (C. alba, Nutt.) is easily distinguishable by its shaggy bark, its excellent fruit, and its rather small, ovate leaf buds. The shag-bark is a stately tree, rising to about 60 to 80 ft. Its branches are irregular and scattered; but when growing singly in open space, the tree attains much beauty and gracefulness. The delicious flavor of its fruit is not surpassed by any foreign nut. The nuts vary greatly ; some individual trees have nuts with astonishingly thin shells, and were it not for the difficulty of grafting these might be propagated. Large quantities of the nuts, brought from districts where the species grows best, are readily disposed of in the mar- kets. In the woods of Pennsylvania and west- ward to Illinois and Kentucky, the western shell-bark hickory (G. sulcata, Nutt.) is found, having nuts twice as large as the preceding, with a strong point at each end ; the. kernel is sweet, but of inferior flavor to that. The pecan hickory (C. oluceformis, Nutt.) is a more western and southern species. (See PECAN.) The nutmeg-fruited hickory (C. myristiccefor- mis, Nutt.) is a rare and local species found in South Carolina, the fruit of which is very small, smooth, and brown, streaked with white, and strongly resembling a nutmeg; the kernel is of small size and little value. HICKORY, a S. W. county of Missouri, inter- sected by the Ponmie de Terre river, a tribu- tary of the Osage ; area, 408 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,452, of whom 90 were colored. It has a moderately uneven surface, covered in some places by a good growth of timber, and a rich soil. The chief productions in 1870 were 43,- 696 bushels of wheat, 271,582 of Indian corn, 65,573 of oats, 16,715 of potatoes, 42,104 Ibs. of tobacco, 105,040 of butter, and 3,292 tons of hay. There were 3,543 horses, 2,569 milch cows, 5,387 other cattle, 8,280 sheep, and 11,- 970 swine. Capital, Hermitage. HICKS, Ellas, an American preacher of the society of Friends, born in Hempstead, N. Y., March 19, 1748, died in Jericho, N. Y., Feb. 27, 1830. While a youth he manifested a tal- ent for public speaking, and at the age of 27 was a well knoAvn preacher. For many years he labored zealously in advancing the gener- ally accepted doctrines of the Friends ; but having as he believed discovered errors in these tenets, he put forth views of his own which he defended with energy and ability. To advance these views he travelled exten- sively in the United States and in the Brit- ish provinces, attracting large congregations by his oratory. The result was a schism in the body of Friends ; those adhering to the old doctrines being specially termed orthodox, while the followers of Hicks were called after him Ilicksites. (See FRIENDS.) He preserved his intellectual vigor till late in life, visiting when 80 years of age New Jersey, Pennsyl- vania, Maryland, Ohio, Indiana, and the north-