Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/699

 HEREDITAMENTS his son E. G. von Herder (6 vols., Erlangen, 1846-'7). N. L. Frothingham has translated some of his poems into English. A complete edition of his works was published in 1872, un- der the patronage of the Prussian government. HEREDITAMENTS, in law, whatever may be inherited. Hereditaments are corporeal, em- bracing lands and tenements of every descrip- tion, and incorporeal, of which ten classes are usually enumerated: advowsons, tithes, com- mons, ways, offices, dignities, franchises, coro- dies or pensions, annuities, and rents. The first, second, and sixth do not exist in the Uni- ted States, and the fifth is never the subject of inheritance here; but there are many ease- ments that may be inheritable in connection with corporeal hereditaments to which they are appendant or appurtenant. In England there are also heirlooms which pass with the HEREFORDSHIRE 681 realty to the heir, such as the family pictures, and by custom the furniture of the mansion house; but heirlooms are scarcely known to the law of America. HEREFORD, a city and parliamentary and municipal borough of England, capital of Here- fordshire, on the N. bank of the Wye, here crossed by a bridge of six arches, 136 m. by railway W. N. W. of London; pop. in 1871, 18,335. The principal building is the cathe- dral, refounded in 1079, of early Norman archi- tecture, cruciform, with a frontage of 325 ft. and a breadth of 110 ft. The west front fell in 1786, and was rebuilt in an incongruous style, but the rest of the building has recently been restored in the best manner. It has many fine monuments, some as old as the llth cen- tury, a chapter house, Lady chapel, cloisters, and a library containing valuable manuscripts, Hereford Cathedral. among them Wycliffe's Bible. Hereford is noted for its ancient charities, among which are 11 hospitals, or almshouses, which distribute money and bread. The manufactures are not important; they consist of gloves, once the staple industry, hats, flannels, leather, and cut- lery. Iron works have been established since the opening of the railway to the coal district. Six fairs are held annually, the October fair being the largest in England for cattle and cheese. A musical festival is given triennial- ly, in the cathedral, by the united choirs of Hereford, Worcester, and Gloucester. Here- ford retains several of its ancient privileges. HEREFORDSHIRE, an inland county of Eng- land, on the E. border of Wales, almost circu- lar in shape; area, 835 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 125,364. Its surface is diversified by hill and dale. It belongs wholly to the basin of the Severn, and has a gentle slope S. to that river, into which flow its streams the Leddon, Lugg, Teme, Dore, Monnow, Arrow, Frome, and Wye, the last traversing the whole width of the county and famous for its beautiful scenery. Canals connect the towns of Hereford and Leo- minster with the Severn, and railways connect Hereford with Shrewsbury, Worcester, Aber- gavenny, and Brecon. The geological forma- tion is old red sandstone, excepting in detached localities, where it is limestone. Iron ore, red and yellow ochres, pipe clay, and fullers 1 earth are found. Some medicinal and petrifying springs exist. This county is entirely agricul- tural, and formerly bore the name of "the garden of England." The soil is a deep, heavy, red loam, resting on clay or gravel, and very fertile. Wheat, barley, fruit, hops, and oak bark are the principal productions. The Here- ford breed of cattle is famous for gentleness, beauty of appearance, and aptitude to fatten.