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 636 HENDRICKS HENGSTENBERG HENDRICKS, Thomas Andrews, an American statesman, born in Muskingum co., Ohio, Sept. 7, 1819. In 1822 his father settled in Shelby co., Indiana. Thomas graduated at South Hanover college in 1841, studied law at Chambersburg, Pa., was admitted to the bar there in 1843, and returned to Indiana to prac- tise. In 1848 he was a member of the legisla- ture, and in 1850 a delegate to the state con- stitutional convention. From 1851 to 1855 he represented the Indianapolis district in con- gress, from 1855 to 1859 was commissioner of the general land office, and from 1863 to 1869 was a member of the United States senate, in which he was regarded as the democratic leader. In the democratic national conven- tion of 1868 in New York, he was strongly supported for the nomination to the presi- dency. As candidate for governor of Indiana he was defeated in 1860 and in 1868, but was elected in 1872 for the term ending Jan. 1, 1877. He continued the practice of law till his election as governor. HENGIST, a Jutish prince, founder of the kingdom of Kent, who is said to have died about 488, but whose very existence is doubted by re- cent historians. He was a reputed descendant of Woden or Odin, and in company with his brother Horsa, with 300 men in three vessels, landed in 449 on the British coast at Ebbsfleet, near Richborough, in the isle of Thanet. Find- ing the British chieftains in need of assistance against the Picts and Scots, the Saxons agreed to assist in repelling the northern invaders, and, having been reenforced by 1,300 of their countrymen, they defeated them with such slaughter as effectually put a stop to their in- cursions. Hengist and his brother, perceiving the feebleness of their employers, forthwith sent envoys to their native country, who re- turned shortly with an army of 5,000 men. They brought with them also Rowena, the daughter of Hengist, who acted as cup-bearer at a feast given by her father to Vortigern, the principal British king. Vortigern became enamored of the Saxon beauty, and demanded her in marriage, to which Hengist consented. The Britons, alarmed at these proceedings, intimated to their auxiliaries that the time was now arrived for their departure. But Hengist and Horsa allied themselves with the northern tribes whom they had lately repelled, and made war upon the Britons, spreading havoc and desolation, according to the Venerable Bede, from the " East sea to the West." The Britons formed a more vigorous system of de- fence, and, having deposed Vortigern, marched under the leadership of his son Vortimer. Hengist and Horsa were defeated in three bat- tles, Horsa was slain in action at Eaglesford, now Aylesford (455), and Hengist then with- drew to his native country. On the death of Vortimer, Hengist returned with his forces much augmented. He is represented as soli- citing a treaty of peace with Vortigern, who had been restored to power among the Britons. The latter, trusting in the honor of the Saxon, invited his people to a great feast at Stone- henge, where, at a signal from Hengist, a fear- ful massacre took place. The life of Vortigern was spared ; but the result was the speedy con- quest of the whole southern country. Mean- while Ambrosius, a Briton of Roman descent, endeavored to reunite his countrymen. Hen- gist received large reinforcements, under the command of his brother Octa, and of Ebissa the son of Octa, who occupied Northumberland. He remained himself in the south, completing his conquests in a great battle at Cray ford, in 457. The Britons fled in terror to London, having lost the flower of their warriors, and abandoned Kent. The kingdom which bore this name under Hengist is said to have con- sisted of the county so called, Middlesex, Es- sex, Sussex, and part of Surrey, though Sharon Turner restricts it to Kent proper. The victor established his court at Canterbury, and reigned about 30 years. The Britons meanwhile had made several desperate exertions to expel him. Their last effort (473) was conclusive of their destinies, as, suffering a more signal defeat than ever, they are declared to have fled from the Saxons as from fire. The romantic character of the British tradition of Hengist and Horsa has been established by modern historians ; and Lappenberg shows that the Anglo-Saxon stories on the subject are purely mythical. HENGSTENBERG, Ernst Wilhelm, a German theologian, born at Frondenberg, Westphalia, Oct. 20, 1802, died in Berlin, May 28, 1869. He studied philology, especially the oriental languages, at Bonn. In 1823 he went as a private tutor to Basel, in 1824 became Privat- docent of theology at the university of Berlin, in 1826 extraordinary professor, and in 1828 ordinary professor of Old Testament exegesis. He soon acquired a commanding influence in the church by the publication of the Evange- lische Kirchenzeitung (1827), which was start- ed as the organ of the evangelical party in the church and the conservative aristocratic party in the state. Hengstenberg soon fell out with the theologians who were attached more to evangelical Biblical than to orthodox Lu- theran principles, and his journal became more and more the organ of a high-church Lutheran party* The order of freemasons, although the prince of Prussia was known to be one of its chief patrons, was denounced by him as infidel. His principal works are devoted to the interpretation of the Bible, and to the defence of its genuineness, integrity, inspira- tion, and divine authority, against the attacks of modern critical and skeptical schools. The most celebrated among them is his Christologie des Alien Testaments (3 vols., Berlin, 1829-'35 ; 2d ed., 1854-7; translated by Dr. Reuben Keith, 3 vols., Alexandria, 1836-'9). His Com- mentar uber die Psalmen (4 vols., 1842-'5 ; 2d ed., 1849-'52; translated into English) is re- garded as a masterpiece of orthodox exegetical theology. His other works are : Beitrage zur