Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume VIII.djvu/562

 548 HAYS HAYTI license as a preacher, and was invited to supply the pulpit of a new church in Granville. Here he remained for five years. In 1785 he was ordained, and, after preaching two years in Torrington, Conn., was called to a parish in Rutland, Vt., where he was settled for 30 years. He afterward preached at Manchester, Vt., ahout three years ; and then at Granville, N. Y., from 1822 till his death. He had great shrewdness, wit, and common sense. One of his sermons, delivered impromptu in reply to Hosea Ballou, on the subject of Universalism, passed through many editions on both sides of the Atlantic. A memoir of him was pub- lished by the Rev. Dr. Cooley. HATS, a central county of Texas, intersected by San Marcos river and watered by branches of the Colorado ; area, 690 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,088, of whom 1,217 were colored. A chain of thickly wooded hills crosses it from N. E. to S. W., and the rest of the surface is generally undulating. Building stone is abun- dant. The chief productions in 1870 were 92,420 bushels of Indian corn, 7,838 of sweet potatoes, and 1,468 bales of cotton. There were 2,448 horses, 1,863 milch cows, 6,044 other cattle, 1,481 sheep, 3,770 swine, and 2 saw mills. Capital, San Marcos. HATS, William Jaeob, an American artist, born in New York, Aug. 8, 1830. He studied draw- ing with John R. Smith in New York, and de- voting himself to animal painting, went to the head waters of the Missouri in 1860 to paint the fauna of that region. He has since visited Nova Scotia and travelled extensively through the northern part of the United States, sketch- ing and studying the habits of the native ani- mals. Among his principal works are : " The Herd (bisons) on the Moor" (1861); "The Stampede " (1862) ; " The Prairie-Dog Village " (1862); "Bison Bull at Bay "(1865); "Bull Moose of Nova Scotia" (1867); "Prairie on Fire " (1869) ; " Bouquet of Orchids," 86 varie- ties (1871) ; " Herd of Caribou in Nova Scotia" (1871) ; and "Mule Deer " (1872). Mr. Hays has in preparation a work on the "Ruminants of America," to be fully illustrated by himself. HATTI, or Haiti. I. An island of the West Indies, formerly called Hispaniola (Span. Es- panola), and afterward Santo Domingo. It is one of the Greater Antilles, and after Cuba the largest and most beautiful of the West India islands, lying between lat. 17 36' and 19 59' N., and Ion. 68 20' and 74 38' W. Its great- est length E. and TV., from Cape Engatto to Cape Tiburon, is 405 m., and its greatest width N. and S., from Cape Isabella to Cape Beata, 165m.; area, including the islands off the coast, 28,030 sq. m. ; pop. about 708,500, three fourths of whom are negroes or mulattoes, and the remainder whites or mestizos. Hayti is 48 m. E. S. E. of Cuba, from which it is separated by the Windward passage, 118 m. E. N. E. of Jamaica, and 76 m. W. N. W.of Porto Rico, from which it is separated by the Mona pas- sage. In the Windward passage, about 40 m. W. of Cape Tiburon, is the guano island of Navaza. The island of Tortuga or Tortue lies a short distance from the N. W. coast, and that of Gonaive in the southern division of the great gulf, 85 m. wide, formed by the vast peninsu- las which stretch W., the one toward Cuba and the other toward Jamaica. Hayti is now oc- cupied by two independent states, the republic of Hayti to the west and the Dominican Re- public to the east. The island is of very irregu- lar form, being so deeply indented by bays and inlets as to constitute a coast line of about 1,500 m., presenting numerous excellent har- bors. Of the great peninsulas, the southwest- ern is the most conspicuous, being 150 m. long by 18 to 40 m. wide ; the northwestern is about 50 m. long by 30 to 45 m. wide ; and that of Samana, to the northeast, is about 40 m. long by 6 to 8 m. wide. The island is intersected W. and E. by three chains of mountains, con- nected by transverse ridges, and intervening are extensive plains and savannas. The central chain, the principal part of which is the Sierra del Cibao, runs E. S. E. from Cape San Nicolas to Cape Engafio ; its culminating point, near the centre of the island, attains an elevation variously estimated from 7,200 to 9,000 ft. Nearly parallel with this chain is the Sierra de Monte Cristo, stretching from near the town of Monte Cristo to Escocesa bay, where it ter- minates abruptly. Between these two ranges extends the Vega Real or Royal valley, 130 m. long, watered by the Yuna and Gran Yaque rivers, and comprising extensive pasture lands. The third or southern mountain range com- mences at Cape Tiburon, extends E. through the S. W. peninsula, and terminates at the Rio Neiva, about mid way between the cities of Port- au-Prince and Santo Domingo. The secondary chains, running from the main ones toward the sea, divide the country into plains of various fig- ures and extent, which are intersected by still other ridges reaching sometimes to the beach. Besides the Vega Real, there are other exten- sive plains and valleys, as the llanos or flats of the southeast, also a rich pasture district 80 m. in length, and the plain of Les Cayes at the W. end of the island. The latter has been greatly extended by the formation of a kind of rock consisting of comminuted shells and coral, in- crusted with calcareous cement, resembling travertine, a species of rock in process of for- mation throughout the whole of the West India islands ; fragments of pottery and other human works have been found in it at a depth of 20 ft. The proximity of the mountains to the N. coast prevents the formation of any considerable riv- ers, and hence the principal streams have their courses either in a W., S., or E. direction. The Artibonite flows S. E. and N. W., and the Gran Yaque N. W. ; the Yuna flows S. E. ; and the Neiva, Nisao, and Ozama flow S. They are all obstructed by sand bars, and few of them are navigable even for short distances. The Ozama, however, admits vessels of any size into the harbor, and for 3 m. up is about four